the Latin - meaning literally: «teacher») and
«professor» signify different levels of academic
achievement, but in the Medieval university
they were equivalent terms, the use of them
in the degree name being a m atter of custom
at a university. (Most universities conferred the
Master of Arts, although the highest degree was
often termed Master of Theology/Divinity or
Doctor of Theology/Divinity depending on the
place).
d. The earliest doctoral degrees (Theology -
Divinitatis Doctor (D.D.),
Philosophy - Doctor
of Philosophy (D.Phil, Ph.D.) and Medicine -
Medicinae Doctor (M.D., D.M.)) reflected the
historical separation of all University study
into these three fields. Over time, the D.D.
has gradually become less common outside
theology, and is now mostly used for honorary
degrees, with the title «Doctor o f Theology»
being used more often for earned degrees.
Studies outside theology and medicine were then
called «philosophy», due to the Renaissance
c o n v ic tio n
that
real knowledge could be
derived from empirical observation, and this
usage survives in the degree title of Doctor of
Philosophy. Studies in these fields have become
much more common, but are now classified as
sciences and humanities.
e. The University of Bologna in Italy, regarded as
the
oldest university in Europe, was the second
institution to confer the degree o f Doctor in Civil
Law in the late XIIth century; it also conferred
similar degrees in other subjects, including
medicine.
f. The University of Paris used the term «master»
for its graduates, a practice adopted by the
English Universities
of Oxford and Cambridge,
as well as the ancient Scottish Universities of St
Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen, and Edinburgh.
Adopted from: http://www.academicapparel.com/
caps/History-Academic-Degrees.html
acknowledge
any
anomalous
data
or
deviations from what you expected, purpose,
explore the theoretical and practical implications
of your finding, background/previous research,
hypothesis, content (how much detail, rationale,
control, style (subsections,
narrative story, past
tense, passive voice, verbs
1
st person), text (a short
paragraph that describes the results you obtained),
passed on your findings, tables (number the
table, give a title, include units of measurement,
line up numbers), explain whether support your
hypothesis, derive conclusions, about the process
you are studying, relate
your findings to earlier
work in the same area, arrange vertically
