Tajriba
№
|
Aralashma
Tarkibi
|
Kristallanish boshlanish
harorati, °С
| |
Kristallanish
tugash harorati, °С
| | | |
A
|
B
| | | |
1
|
|
|
|
| |
2
|
|
|
|
| |
3
|
|
|
|
|
“Harorat – vaqt” sovush egrilari (V.1– rasm) va jadvaldagi ma’lumotlardan foydalanib, sistemaning suyuqlanish (yoki qotish) diagrammasi (V.2– rasm) chiziladi. Buning uchun ordinatalar o‘qiga kristallanishning boshlanish va tugash haroratlari, absissalar o‘qiga esa aralashmalar tarkibi qo‘yiladi.
Ish bajarish uchun komponentlar turi o‘qituvchi tomonidan beriladi va quyidagicha bo‘lishi mumkin:
Naftalin-difenilamin
Azobenzol-naftalin
Benzoy kislotasi-naftalin
Naftalin-nitrotoluol
Fenol-metilamin
Moddaning suyuqlanish haroratiga qarab, suvli hammom o‘rniga moyli yoki glitserinli hammom ishlatiladi.
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Nazorat Savollari
1. “Faza”, “omponent”, “komponentlar soni”, “erkinlik darajasi”, “mustaqil parametrlar” tushunchalari.
2. Fazalar qoidasini yozing va uni turli sistemalarga tatbiq qiling.
3. Klapeyron-Klauzius tenglamasini tushuntiring.
4. Suyuqlikning to’yingan bug’i deb nimaga aytiladi?
5. Muvozanat holatida suyuq va qattiq fazalarni tutgan bir komponentli sistemaning termodinamik erkinlik darajalari soni nechaga teng?
6. Bir komponentli sistemaning holat diagrammasidagi uchlamchi nuqta nima?
7. Fazaviy muvozanatning umumiy termodinamik sharti qanday?
9. Qattiq jism ustidagi to’yingan bug’ bosimi haroratga qanday bog’langan?
10. Suvning oddiy va yuqori bosimlardagi holati diagrammalari.
11. Erenfest tenglamalarini tushuntiring.
12. “Fizik-kimyoviy analiz “ va “termik analiz” tushunchalari.
13. Sovish diagrammasini tushuntiring.
14. Ikki komponentli sistemalarning holat diagrammasi.
15. Suyuq holatda cheksiz eriydigan va qattiq eritma hosil qilmay-digan ikki komponentli sistemaning holat diagrammasi.
16. Evtektik, peritektik, singulyar va distektik nuqtalar.
17. Likvidus va solidus chiziqlarining manosi qanday?
18. Qattiq va suyuq holatlarda cheksiz eriydigan ikki komponentli sistemalar.
19. Peritektik nuqta bilan evtektik nuqta orasida qanday farqlar bor?
20. Yelka qoidasini tushuntiring.
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