Adding Persistence to the Live ISO with a USB Key

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9.4. Adding Persistence to the Live ISO with a USB Key
9.4.1. The Persistence Feature: Explanations
Next, we will discuss the steps required to add persistence to a Kali USB key. The nature of a live
system is to be ephemeral. All data stored on the live system and all the changes made are lost
when you reboot. To remedy this, you can use a feature of live-boot called persistence, which is
enabled when the boot parameters include the persistence keyword.
Since modifying the boot menu is a non-trivial task, the Kali live image includes two menu entries
by default that enable persistence: Live USB Persistence and Live USB Encrypted Persistence, as
shown in Figure
9.1
, “
Persistence Menu Entries
” [page 246].
Figure 9.1 Persistence Menu Entries
When this feature is enabled, live-boot will scan all partitions looking for file systems labeled persis-
tence (which can be overridden with the persistence-label=
value
boot parameter) and the installer
will set up persistence of the directories which are listed in the
persistence.conf
file found in
that partition (one directory per line). The special value “/ union” enables full persistence of all
directories with a union mount, an overlay that stores only the changes when compared to the
underlying file system. The data of the persisted directories are stored in the file system that
contains the corresponding
persistence.conf
file.
246
Kali Linux Revealed

9.4.2. Setting Up Unencrypted Persistence on a USB Key
In this section, we assume that you have prepared a Kali live USB key by following the instructions
at section
2.1.4
, “
Copying the Image on a DVD-ROM or USB Key
” [page 19] and that you have used
a USB key big enough to hold the ISO image (roughly 4 GB) and the data of the directories that you
want to persist. We also assume that the USB key is recognized by Linux as /dev/sdb and that it
only contains the two partitions that are part of the default ISO image (/dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdb2).
Be very careful when performing this procedure. You can easily destroy important data if you
re-partition the wrong drive.
To add a new partition, you must know the size of the image that you copied so that you can make
the new partition start after the live image. Then use

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