P packet Flooding Attack Network Bandwidth Denial of Service (DoS) Packet-Dropping Attack

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Background PEM was defined in response to the need for securing emails, see [  ]. Theory

Recommended Reading
.
www.ecb.europa.eu
.
www.emvco.com
.
http://www.mastercard.com/us/company/en/docs/All_About_
Payment_Cards.pdf
PEM, Privacy-Enhanced Mail
Torben Pedersen
Cryptomathic, Århus, Denmark
Synonyms
Secure email
Related Concepts

Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)
;

S/MIME
Deﬁnition
Privacy-enhanced mail (PEM) is defined in a sequence
of RfCs (Request for Comments) specifying methods and
formats for securing the authenticity and confidentiality of
emails. The term “privacy-enhanced mail” is also used as a
synonym for secure email in general.
Background
PEM was defined in response to the need for securing
emails, see [

].
Theory
PEM provides a number of security mechanisms for pro-
tecting electronic mail transferred over Internet by defin-
ing formats, protocol extensions and processing proce-
dures for securing mail messages as defined in RFC .
The security mechanisms include encryption of mails such
that only the intended recipient(s) can read the contents of
the mail. Other security mechanisms supported by PEM
provide message authentication and integrity as well as dig-
ital signatures. Using the latter, non-repudiation of origin
may be achieved.
The security mechanisms provided can be based on
symmetric cryptography (“

Key
”) or public key cryptogra-
phy. In the latter case X. certificates are used to provide
the public keys of the sender and recipient as needed (the
public key of the originator is required to validate the
signature, and the public key of the recipient is required
to encrypt the email).
PEM is defined in detail in RfC  through .
RFC  (see [

]) defines the extensions to RFC  mail
messages and the encryption and authentication proce-
dures for securing emails. The following security goals are
achieved: confidentiality, authenticity of sender, message
integrity and non-repudiation of origin. Of independent
interest this RfC also defines Base encoding allowing
binary data to be represented as a printable string.
RfC  (see [

]) defines how X. certificates can
be used to set up the necessary public key infrastructure


P
Penetration Testing
supporting the use of asymmetric cryptography in privacy-
enhanced mail. Central to this scheme, it requires a single
root for all certification authorities issuing certificates on
public keys to be used for PEM.
In [

], RfC  specifies the cryptographic algorithms
(including formats, identifiers, and modes of use) to be
used within PEM. These algorithms include DES, -key
triple-DES and RSA.
RfC  (see [

]) deals with email-based certification
services that certification authorities supporting privacy-
enhanced mail must provide. These include services for
issuing a certificate given a certificate request and for pro-
viding the certificate revocation list are defined.

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