Step-by-Step Guide for dns in Small Networks

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Typically used by …

.com	Commercial entities, such as corporations, to register DNS domain names
.edu	Educational institutions, such as colleges, and public and private schools
.gov	Government entities, such as federal, state, and local governments
.net	Organizations that provide Internet services, such as Internet service providers (ISPs)
.org	Private, nonprofit organizations

Geographical TLDs indicate the country or region where the organization that registered the domain is located. For example, an organization that wants to show that it is located in Canada registers its Internet domain name in the .ca TLD, and an organization that wants to show that it is located in Brazil registers its Internet domain name in the .br TLD.

Most organizations that want to have an Internet presence for a Web site or that want to send and receive e-mail messages, for example, register an Internet domain name that is a subdomain of a TLD. Usually, they choose a subdomain name based on their organization's name, such as contoso.com or treyresearch.net. Most small organizations work with their Internet service provider (ISP) to register their domain name, although you can also register your domain name directly with a registrar that is listed at InterNIC (http://www.internic.com/regist.html).

Registering an Internet domain name reserves the name for the exclusive use of the organization and configures DNS servers on the Internet to provide the appropriate IP address when those servers are queried for that name. That is, it creates the equivalent of a telephone directory entry for the Internet domain name. But instead of providing a telephone number for the name, it provides the IP address that a computer requires to access the computers in the registered domain.

The DNS namespace is not limited to only the publicly registered Internet domain names. Organizations that have networks with their own DNS servers can create domains for their internal use. As the next section explains, these internal DNS namespaces can be—but are not required to be—subdomains of a public Internet domain name.

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