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Audio scale up student’s book Course 3 Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized EducationBog'liq SCALE UP 3 ST BOOK Пед конфликтологиядан ОРАЛИК НАЗОРАТ САВОЛЛАРИ, mustaqild
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C 0 R T R J E S T S 0 R S
TQ C 3 V 3 L 3 Z K T 3 Q R
The years between the seventh and thirteenth centuries
mark a period in history when culture and learning
flourished by new discoveries made in the sciences
and arts which improved the life and condition of
Man, and thousands of oriental contributions have
become an integral part of human civilization.
a. The Arabic sifr, or zero, provided new solutions for
complicated mathematical problems. The Arabic
numeral - an improvement on the original Hindu
concept - and the Arab decimal system facilitated
the course o f science. Al-Khwarizmi, credited
with the founding of algebra, was inspired by the
need to find a more accurate and comprehensive
method o f ensuring precise land divisions so that
the Koran could be carefully obeyed in the laws of
inheritance.
b. Al-Biruni, considered one of the greatest scientists
of all time, discussed the possibility of the Earth
rotation on its own axis - a theory proven by
Galileo six centuries later. East astronomers such
as al-Fezari, al-Farghani, and al-Zarqali added to
the works o f Ptolemy and the classic pioneers in
the development of the magnetic compass and the
charting of the zodiac.
c. The famous scientist-philosopher known in
Europe as Avicenna was Ibn Sina and his Canon
was required reading throughout Europe until
the seventeenth century. Avicenna did pioneer
work in mental health, and was a forerunner of
today‘s psychotherapists. He believed that some
illnesses were psychosomatic, and he sometimes
led patients back to a recollection o f an incident
buried in the subconscious in order to explain the
present ailment.
Startling remnants of Arab architecture
are
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