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By Begzod Jumamuratov
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| Sana | 12.01.2024 | | Hajmi | 3.63 Mb. | | #135958 |
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Introduction to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Information and Communication Technologies, or ICT, encompass diverse technologies used to communicate, create, store, and manage information. From hardware to software, networks to internet connectivity, ICT plays a crucial role in modern society and business.
by Begzod Jumamuratov
Importance of ICT Security
Protecting Digital Assets
Ensuring the security of ICT systems is essential to safeguard valuable digital assets and sensitive information, preserving the integrity and confidentiality of data.
Mitigating Risks
Security measures help mitigate risks associated with unauthorized access, data breaches, and malicious activities, thereby ensuring smooth operations and user trust.
Building Trust
By prioritizing ICT security, organizations can build trust with customers, partners, and stakeholders, enhancing their reputation and credibility.
Cyber Threats and Their Impact on ICT
1
Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs)
APTs are stealthy and continuous computer hacking processes by threat actors targeting specific entities to access, modify or steal confidential information.
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Data Breaches
Data breaches, through exploitation of vulnerabilities, lead to exposure of sensitive personal or corporate information, undermining trust and privacy.
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Ransomware Attacks
Ransomware is malicious software that encrypts data, demanding payment for decryption, disrupting businesses and causing financial losses.
Common Types of Cyber Attacks
1
Phishing and Spear Phishing
Deceptive attempts to obtain sensitive information or data through fraudulent communications, often disguised as a trusted entity.
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Malware and Ransomware
Software designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems, often demanding financial payment to undo the effects.
3
Social Engineering Attacks
Manipulating individuals to divulge confidential information, often through psychological manipulation or impersonation.
Social Engineering Attacks
Psychological Manipulation
Social engineering techniques exploit human psychology to influence individuals into performing actions or disclosing sensitive information.
Impersonation
Impersonators may pose as trusted figures to deceive individuals into providing sensitive information or engaging in harmful actions.
Information Collection
Attackers gather personal information, including names, addresses, and financial details, to initiate malicious activities or impersonation.
Malware and Ransomware
Malware
Malicious software designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems
Ransomware
Software that encrypts data and demands payment for decryption, causing financial harm and operational disruption.
Phishing and Spear Phishing
Deceptive Emails
Fraudulent emails aiming to obtain sensitive information, often masquerading as legitimate entities.
Personalized Fraud
Spear phishing involves highly personalized messages, targeting specific individuals within organizations or businesses.
Clickbait and Links
Links in phishing emails lead to counterfeit websites or malicious downloads, compromising data security.
Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks
Overloading Systems
DoS attacks render ICT systems inaccessible by overwhelming them with traffic, disrupting services.
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)
Involves multiple systems flooding a target system, further intensifying the impact of the attack.
Impact on Operations
DoS attacks can lead to financial losses, reputation damage, and hindered user access to services or resources.
Insider Threats
1
Unintentional Threats
Employees or users inadvertently causing security breaches due to negligence or lack of awareness.
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Malicious Intent
Insiders, with access to sensitive information, may intentionally exploit vulnerabilities or share confidential data.
Best Practices for Securing ICT Systems
Regular Security Audits
Conduct frequent evaluations to identify and address vulnerabilities in ICT systems.
User Awareness Training
Educate employees and users about cyber threats, proper security practices, and the importance of vigilance.
Multi-factor Authentication
Implement multifactor authentication to ensure secure access and prevent unauthorized account breaches.
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