101-70 INTRODUCTION TO OSHA
LESSON OVERVIEW
This course provides a general overview of basic topics related to OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) and how it operates.
Ushbu kurs OSHA (Mehnat xavfsizligi va sog'lig'i ma'muriyati) va uning qanday ishlashi bilan bog'liq asosiy mavzular haqida umumiy ma'lumot beradi.
Information provided does not determine compliance responsibilities under OSHA standards or the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act).
Taqdim etilgan ma'lumotlar OSHA standartlari yoki 1970 yildagi Mehnat xavfsizligi va salomatligi to'g'risidagi qonun (OSH qonuni) bo'yicha muvofiqlik majburiyatlarini belgilamaydi.
Learning Outcome
When you complete this lesson, you will be able to describe the large role OSHA plays in maintaining employee health and safety as employees perform their daily work.
Ta'lim natijasi
Ushbu darsni tugatganingizdan so'ng, siz xodimlarning kundalik ishlarini bajarishda OSHA xodimlarining sog'lig'i va xavfsizligini ta'minlashda qanday katta rol o'ynashini tasvirlab bera olasiz.Learning Objectives
Understand why OSHA is important to employees
Describe rights employees have under OSHA
List some of the employer's responsibilities under OSHA
Outline what applicable OSHA standards say
Describe how OSHA inspections are conducted
Identify where employees can go for help with occupational safety concerns
• OSHA nima uchun xodimlar uchun muhimligini tushuning• Xodimlarning OSHA bo'yicha ega bo'lgan huquqlarini tavsiflang
• OSHA bo'yicha ish beruvchining ba'zi majburiyatlarini sanab o'ting• Amaldagi OSHA standartlarida nima deyilganini belgilang
• OSHA tekshiruvlari qanday o'tkazilishini tasvirlab bering
• Xodimlar mehnat xavfsizligi bilan bog'liq muammolar bo'yicha yordam so'rab qayerga murojaat qilishlari mumkinligini aniqlang
THE IMPORTANCE OF OSHA
OSHA, also known as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, is an agency of the U.S. Department of Labor.
The U.S. Congress created OSHA under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (the OSH Act).
OSHA is responsible for worker safety and health protection.
Congress passed the law and established OSHA to:
"Assure, so far as possible, every working man and woman in the nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources."
OSHA began because, until 1970, there were no national laws regarding worker safety and health hazards.
No safety laws meant companies had free reign when it came to utilizing safe or unsafe work practices.
Prior to the creation of OSHA, there were many specific events illustrating the need for workplace safety regulations.
These events, or accidents, could have been avoided under safe working conditions and occurred due to the lack of safety regulations.
The 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire in New York City was one of the worst work-related disasters in our country's history. It killed 146 of the company's 500 employees.
Factory workers, who were mainly young, female immigrants working long hours for low wages, died because doors were locked and there were no fire escapes.
OSHNING MUHIMI
OSHA, shuningdek, Kasbiy xavfsizlik va sog'liqni saqlash boshqarmasi sifatida ham tanilgan, AQSh Mehnat Departamentining agentligidir.
AQSh Kongressi OSHAni 1970 yildagi Mehnat xavfsizligi va sog'lig'i to'g'risidagi qonunga (OSH qonuni) muvofiq yaratdi.
OSHA ishchilarning xavfsizligi va sog'lig'ini himoya qilish uchun javobgardir.
Kongress qonunni qabul qildi va OSHA ni tashkil etdi:
"Mamlakatdagi har bir mehnatkash erkak va ayolga imkon qadar xavfsiz va sog'lom mehnat sharoitlarini ta'minlash va kadrlar resurslarimizni asrash".
OSHA 1970 yilgacha ishchilarning xavfsizligi va sog'lig'iga xavf tug'diradigan milliy qonunlar yo'qligi sababli boshlandi.
Hech qanday xavfsizlik to'g'risidagi qonunlar kompaniyalar xavfsiz yoki xavfli ish usullaridan foydalanishda erkin hukmronlik qilishlarini anglatmaydi.
OSHA yaratilishidan oldin, ish joyida xavfsizlik qoidalariga ehtiyoj borligini ko'rsatadigan ko'plab aniq voqealar bo'lgan.
Ushbu hodisalar yoki baxtsiz hodisalar xavfsiz mehnat sharoitida oldini olish mumkin edi va xavfsizlik qoidalarining yo'qligi sababli sodir bo'lgan.
1911 yilda Nyu-York shahridagi Triangle Shirtwaist kompaniyasining yong'inlari mamlakatimiz tarixidagi ish bilan bog'liq eng dahshatli ofatlardan biri edi. Buning oqibatida kompaniyaning 500 nafar xodimidan 146 nafari halok bo‘ldi.
Zavod ishchilari, asosan, yosh, kam maosh evaziga uzoq soatlab ishlaydigan muhojir ayol, eshiklar qulflangani va yong'in chiqish yo'llari yo'qligi sababli halok bo'ldi.
This tragedy outraged the public, who called for safety and health reform.
Frances Perkins, who later became the first U.S. Secretary of Labor, investigated the Triangle fire and tried to find ways to prevent future occurrences.
The required rise in production for World War I caused additional crises in workplace safety and health conditions.
As a result, the government created a Working Conditions Service to help states inspect plants and reduce hazards.
The Texas City disaster on April 16th, 1947, provided another catastrophic example of the hazards of the workplace. It left 576 persons known dead; 398 of them were identified, while 178 were listed as missing.
This type of event spurred a new focus on safety practices within the workplace and protection of individuals working in and around hazardous chemicals.
On December 29,1970, President Nixon signed the OSH Act.
This Act created OSHA, and the agency formally came into being on April 28,1971.
While history proved the importance of creating such an organization, current and future events illustrate the continuing need to support its mission and expand its scope.
On average, 15 workers die every day from job-related injuries.
Over 5,600 Americans die from workplace injuries annually, and over 4 million non- fatal workplace injuries and illnesses are reported. Bu fojia xavfsizlik va sog'liqni saqlash islohotiga chaqirgan jamoatchilikni g'azablantirdi.
Keyinchalik AQShning birinchi Mehnat vaziri bo'lgan Frensis Perkins "Uchburchak" yong'inini tekshirdi va kelajakdagi hodisalarning oldini olish yo'llarini topishga harakat qildi.Birinchi jahon urushi uchun ishlab chiqarishning talab qilinadigan o'sishi ish joyidagi xavfsizlik va sog'liq sharoitida qo'shimcha inqirozlarni keltirib chiqardi.
Natijada hukumat davlatlarga o'simliklarni tekshirish va xavflarni kamaytirishga yordam berish uchun Mehnat sharoitlari xizmatini yaratdi.
1947 yil 16 aprelda Texas shahrida sodir bo'lgan falokat ish joyidagi xavflarning yana bir dahshatli misolini keltirdi. 576 kishi halok bo'lgani ma'lum; Ulardan 398 nafarining shaxsi aniqlangan, 178 nafari bedarak yo‘qolgan deb topilgan.
Ushbu turdagi tadbir ish joyidagi xavfsizlik amaliyotiga va xavfli kimyoviy moddalar ichida va uning atrofida ishlaydigan shaxslarni himoya qilishga yangi e'tiborni qaratdi.
1970-yil 29-dekabrda Prezident Nikson OSH toʻgʻrisidagi qonunni imzoladi.
Ushbu Qonun OSHA ni yaratdi va agentlik rasmiy ravishda 1971 yil 28 aprelda paydo bo'ldi.
Tarix bunday tashkilotni yaratish muhimligini isbotlagan bo'lsa-da, hozirgi va kelajakdagi voqealar uning missiyasini qo'llab-quvvatlash va ko'lamini kengaytirish zarurligini ko'rsatadi.
Har kuni o'rtacha 15 nafar ishchi kasbiy jarohatlardan vafot etadi.
Har yili 5,600 dan ortiq amerikaliklar ish joyidagi jarohatlardan vafot etadi va 4 milliondan ortiq o'limga olib kelmaydigan ish joyidagi jarohatlar va kasalliklar haqida xabar beriladi.
The mission of OSHA is to save lives, prevent injuries, and protect the health of America's workers.
Some actions OSHA takes to carry out its mission include:
Developing job safety and health standards
Enforcing those standards through worksite inspections
Maintaining a reporting and recordkeeping system for tracking job- related injuries and illnesses
Providing training programs to increase knowledge about occupational safety and health OSHA is a small agency, with approximately 1000 federal inspectors and 1400 state inspectors to cover about eight million workplaces. Therefore, OSHA cannot be everywhere at all times. It is important for employees to know their rights and for employers to be aware of their responsibilities under OSHA.
OSHA missiyasi Amerika ishchilarining hayotini saqlab qolish, jarohatlarning oldini olish va sog'lig'ini himoya qilishdir.
OSHA o'z missiyasini amalga oshirish uchun amalga oshiradigan ba'zi harakatlarni o'z ichiga oladi:
• Mehnatni muhofaza qilish va salomatlik standartlarini ishlab chiqish
• Ish joyini tekshirish orqali ushbu standartlarga rioya qilish
• Ish bilan bog'liq jarohatlar va kasalliklarni kuzatish uchun hisobot berish va hisobga olish tizimini yuritish
• Mehnatni muhofaza qilish va mehnatni muhofaza qilish bo'yicha bilimlarni oshirish uchun o'quv dasturlarini taqdim etish OSHA kichik agentlik bo'lib, taxminan 1000 federal inspektor va 1400 shtat inspektori sakkiz millionga yaqin ish joyini qamrab oladi. Shuning uchun, OSHA har doim hamma joyda bo'lishi mumkin emas. Xodimlar o'z huquqlarini bilishlari va ish beruvchilar uchun OSHA bo'yicha o'z majburiyatlarini bilishlari muhimdir.
When employees know their rights, and when employers act responsibly to prevent hazards, the result is fewer worker deaths, injuries, and illnesses.
Training and education are keys to making this happen.
Which of the workers listed here are covered by OSHA?
Harry Adams, a miner at Below Ground Inc.
Adrian Smith, one of 3 employees of ABC landscaping.
Taylor Dell, an accountant in business for herself.
Rob Jones, one of 10 carpenters working for Woody, Inc.
OSHA stands for the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration
Health Alliance
Heart Association
Health Association
Which of the following best describes OSHA’s most important goal?
summarize the history of tools
save lives, prevent injuries, and protect the health of America’s workers
slow the progress of industry
produce excessive paper documentation of past accidents
OSHA, formally came into being on April 28,
On December 29, 1970, President____signed the OSH Act.
Carter
Lincoln
Nixon
Kennedy
Agar xodimlar o'z huquqlarini bilsalar va ish beruvchilar xavf-xatarlarning oldini olish uchun mas'uliyat bilan harakat qilsalar, natijada ishchilarning o'limi, jarohatlari va kasalliklari kamroq bo'ladi.
Ta'lim va ta'lim buni amalga oshirishning kalitidir.
Bu erda sanab o'tilgan ishchilardan qaysi biri OSHA tomonidan qoplanadi?
o Garri Adams, Below Ground Inc kompaniyasining konchi.
o Adrian Smit, ABC landscaping kompaniyasining 3 nafar xodimlaridan biri.
o Teylor Dell, o'zi uchun biznesda hisobchi.
o Rob Jons, Woody, Inc. kompaniyasida ishlaydigan 10 ta duradgordan biri.
OSHA "Mehnat xavfsizligi va" degan ma'noni anglatadi
o Sog'liqni saqlash boshqarmasi
o Sog'liqni saqlash alyansi
o Yurak assotsiatsiyasi
o Sog'liqni saqlash uyushmasi
Quyidagilardan qaysi biri OSHA ning eng muhim maqsadini eng yaxshi tavsiflaydi?
o asboblar tarixini umumlashtirish
o hayotni saqlab qolish, jarohatlarning oldini olish va Amerika ishchilarining sog'lig'ini himoya qilish
o sanoat taraqqiyotini sekinlashtirish
o'tgan baxtsiz hodisalarning ortiqcha qog'oz hujjatlarini ishlab chiqarish
OSHA, rasmiy ravishda 28 aprelda paydo bo'ldi,
o 2007 yil
o 1972 yil
o 1973 yil
o 1971 yil
1970-yil 29-dekabrda Prezident ____ OSH toʻgʻrisidagi qonunni imzoladi.
o Karter
o Linkoln
o Nikson
o Kennedi
EMPLOYEE RIGHTS UNDER OSHA
There are risks and dangers associated with being on the job, but these can be avoided with proper training and awareness.
It is important employees understand their rights while performing daily work.
No matter what the job, employees have the right to be protected, so they can safely return home at the end of the workday, without a job-related injury or illness.
What rights do employees have under OSHA?
They have the right to:
Have a safe and healthful workplace
Know about hazardous chemicals
Receive information about injuries and illnesses in the workplace
Complain or request hazard correction from the employer
Receive training
Know about hazard exposure and obtain their medical records
File a complaint with OSHA
Participate in an OSHA inspection
Be free from retaliation for exercising safety and health rights
OSHA BO'YICHA XODIMLAR HUQUQLARI
Ishda bo'lish bilan bog'liq xavf va xavflar mavjud, ammo ularni to'g'ri tayyorgarlik va xabardorlik bilan oldini olish mumkin.
Kundalik ishlarni bajarishda xodimlar o'z huquqlarini tushunishlari muhimdir.
Qanday ish bo'lishidan qat'i nazar, xodimlar himoyalanish huquqiga ega, shuning uchun ular ish kunining oxirida, ish bilan bog'liq jarohatlar yoki kasalliksiz uylariga xavfsiz qaytishlari mumkin.
OSHA bo'yicha xodimlar qanday huquqlarga ega?
Ular quyidagi huquqlarga ega:
• Xavfsiz va sog'lom ish joyiga ega bo'ling
• Xavfli kimyoviy moddalar haqida bilish
• Ish joyidagi jarohatlar va kasalliklar haqida ma'lumot olish
• Ish beruvchidan xavf-xatarni tuzatish haqida shikoyat qilish yoki talab qilish
• Treningdan o'ting
• Xavfli ta'sir haqida bilish va ularning tibbiy yozuvlarini olish
• OSHAga shikoyat qiling
• OSHA tekshiruvida ishtirok eting
• Xavfsizlik va salomatlik huquqlarini amalga oshirish uchun qasos olishdan xoli bo'ling
Right to a Safe and Healthful Workplace
The creation of OSHA gave workers the right to a safe and healthful workplace. Displaying the poster shown here at the workplace is required by OSHA.
Xavfsiz va sog'lom ish joyiga bo'lgan huquq
OSHAning yaratilishi ishchilarga xavfsiz va sog'lom ish joyiga ega bo'lish huquqini berdi. Bu erda ko'rsatilgan afishani ish joyida ko'rsatish OSHA tomonidan talab qilinadi.
Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act states:
"Each employer shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees”.
Mehnatni muhofaza qilish to'g'risidagi qonunning 5 (a) (1) bo'limida:
"Har bir ish beruvchi o'z xodimlarining har biriga o'z xodimlarining o'limiga yoki jiddiy jismoniy shikastlanishiga olib keladigan yoki olib kelishi mumkin bo'lgan tan olingan xavflardan xoli bo'lgan ish joyini va ish joyini ta'minlashi shart".
Some examples of conditions in a safe/healthful workplace include:
Fall protection and training are provided and required for anyone working at high levels on a construction site
Machines and equipment with rotating and moving parts are guarded
Xavfsiz/sog'lom ish joyidagi sharoitlarga ba'zi misollar:
• Qurilish maydonchasida yuqori darajada ishlaydigan har bir kishi uchun kuzdan himoya qilish va o'qitish ta'minlanadi va talab qilinadi
• Aylanadigan va harakatlanuvchi qismlarga ega bo'lgan mashina va jihozlar qo'riqlanadi
Right to Know About Hazardous Chemicals
Another important right is the "Right to Know" about hazardous substances in the workplace.
Employers must have a written, complete hazard communication program that includes information on:
Container labeling
Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
Worker training
Xavfli kimyoviy moddalar haqida bilish huquqi
Yana bir muhim huquq - bu ish joyidagi xavfli moddalar to'g'risidagi "Bilish huquqi".
Ish beruvchilar quyidagi ma'lumotlarni o'z ichiga olgan yozma, to'liq xavfli aloqa dasturiga ega bo'lishi kerak:
• Konteynerlarni etiketlash
• Xavfsizlik ma'lumotlar varaqlari (SDS)
• Ishchilarni tayyorlash
The training must include education about the physical and health hazards of the chemicals and how workers can protect themselves.
The instructions must detail specific procedures the employer has implemented to protect workers, such as work practices, emergency procedures, and personal protective equipment (PPE).
Trening kimyoviy moddalarning jismoniy va sog'liq uchun xavfliligi va ishchilar o'zlarini qanday himoya qilishlari haqida ma'lumotni o'z ichiga olishi kerak.
Ko'rsatmalarda ish beruvchining ishchilarni himoya qilish uchun amalga oshirgan maxsus tartiblari, masalan, ish amaliyoti, favqulodda vaziyatlar va shaxsiy himoya vositalari (PPE) batafsil bayon qilinishi kerak.
The program must include a list of the hazardous chemicals in each work area.
It must also indicate the means the employer will use to inform workers of the hazards related to non-routine tasks.
Dastur har bir ish joyidagi xavfli kimyoviy moddalar ro'yxatini o'z ichiga olishi kerak.
Bundan tashqari, ish beruvchining ishchilarni muntazam bo'lmagan ishlar bilan bog'liq xavflar haqida xabardor qilish uchun foydalanadigan vositalarini ko'rsatishi kerak.
In addition, the program must explain how the employer will inform other employers about hazards to which their workers may be exposed. This covers, for example, contract workers.One way of providing this information is through the use of an SDS.
Bundan tashqari, dastur ish beruvchining boshqa ish beruvchilarga o'z ishchilariga duch kelishi mumkin bo'lgan xavflar haqida qanday ma'lumot berishini tushuntirishi kerak. Bu, masalan, pudratchi ishchilarni qamrab oladi. Ushbu ma'lumotni taqdim etishning bir usuli SDSdan foydalanishdir.
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