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Learning Kali Linux
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Bog'liq learningkalilinuxMonolithic Versus Micro
Linux is considered a
monolithic
kernel. This is different from Minix, which Linux
started from, and other Unix-like implementations that use
micro
kernels. The differ‐
ence between a monolithic kernel and a micro kernel is that all functionality is built
into a monolithic kernel. This includes any code necessary to support hardware devi‐
ces. With a micro kernel, only the essential code is included in the kernel. This is
roughly the bare minimum necessary to keep the operating system functional. Any
additional functionality that is required to run in kernel space is implemented as a
module and loaded into the kernel space as it is needed. This is not to say that Linux
doesn’t have modules, but the kernel that is typically built and included in Linux dis‐
tributions is not a micro kernel. Because Linux is not designed around the idea that
only core services are implemented in the kernel proper, it is not considered a micro
kernel but instead a monolithic kernel.
Linux is available, generally free of charge, in distributions. A Linux
distribution
is a
collection of software packages that have been selected by the distribution maintain‐
ers. Also, the software packages have been built in a particular way, with features
determined by the package maintainer. These software packages are acquired as
source code, and many packages can have multiple options—whether to include data‐
base support, which type of database, whether to enable encryption—that have to be
enabled when the package is being configured and built. The package maintainer for
one distribution may make different choices for options than the package maintainer
for another distribution.
Different distributions will also have different package formats. As an example, Red‐
Hat and its associated distributions, like RedHat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and
Fedora Core, use the RedHat Package Manager (RPM) format. In addition, RedHat
uses both the RPM utility as well as the Yellowdog Updater Modified (yum) to man‐
age packages on the system. Other distributions may use the different package man‐
agement utilities used by Debian. Debian uses the Advanced Package Tool (APT) to
manage packages in the Debian package format. Regardless of the distribution or the
package format, the object of the packages is to collect all the files necessary for the
software to function and make those files easy to put into place to make the software
functional.
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