Chapter 1: Preview of the Linux Operating System

Preview of How Linux Works
Linux Kernel distinguishes this OS from other OSs. The Kernel is the
coding used to develop Linux, and over the years, many developers keep
upgrading the version. That is why for you to hack using Linux, you must
understand how Linux Kernel works. The Kernel is in the innermost part of
the operating system where it does jobs like:
❖ 
managing the hardware.
❖ 
Do the essentials services of the OS.
❖ 
Allocates resources evenly.
When you want to execute the Kernel, then you need to implement it in the
kernel-mode as oppose to the user mode. So, any applications running in
the system communicates with Kernel using what we call “system call”.
The system enables the user to have a smooth interaction utilizing an
interface to reach the Kernel. Did you know that every function that
possibly interacts with the system automatically translates to a system call?
Here is an example
Void main ( ) {
}
Let’s say this is one of the most obvious things you will see. Here it gains
access via the main entrance and later exists. To get the picture of what we
are saying, here is a picture of the levels of kernels.
User processes
Graphic User
Interface
Servers
Shell
Figure 1.1
Linux Kernel
System Cals
Process Management
Memory

Management
Device Drivers
Figure 1.2
Hardware
Processor
Main
Memory
Disks
Network
parts
We shall explain in detail how the kernel and hacking are related as we go
through this guidebook. But before we get there, it is fundamental to
understand some basics; this is just an introduction.

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