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Performance Tuning Guidelines for Windows Server 2012 April 12, 2013 Abstract
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Receive-Side Scaling (RSS)
Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2, and Windows Server 2008 support Receive Side Scaling (RSS). A server may have multiple logical processors that share hardware resources (such as a physical core) and are treated as Simultaneous Multi-Threading (SMT) peers. Intel Hyper-Threading Technology is an example. RSS directs network processing to up to one logical processor per core. For example, given a server with Intel Hyper-Threading and 4 cores (8 logical processors), RSS will use no more than 4 logical processors for network processing.
RSS distributes incoming network I/O packets among logical processors so that packets that belong to the same TCP connection are processed on the same logical processor, which preserves ordering. RSS also load balances UDP unicast and multicast traffic from Windows Server 2012, and it routes related flows (as determined by hashing the source and destination addresses) to the same logical processor, thereby preserving the order of related arrivals. This helps improve scalability and performance for receive-intensive scenarios that have fewer network adapters than eligible logical processors.
Windows Server 2012 provides the following ways to tune RSS behavior:
Windows PowerShell cmdlets: , Set-NetAdapterRSS, Enable-NetAdapterRss, Disable-NetAdapterRss
For more information, see Network Adapter Cmdlets in Windows PowerShell in the Windows Server Library.
These cmdlets allow you to see and modify RSS parameters per network adapter. Pass the cmdlet name to Get-Help for details.
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RSS Profiles: One of the parameters that is available is the RSS Profile, which is used to determine which logical processors are assigned to which network adapter. Possible profiles include:
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Closest. Logical processor numbers near the network adapter’s base RSS processor are preferred. Windows may rebalance logical processors dynamically based on load.
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ClosestStatic. Logical processor numbers near the network adapter’s base RSS processor are preferred. Windows will not rebalance logical processors dynamically based on load.
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NUMA. Logical processor numbers will tend to be selected on different NUMA nodes to distribute the load. Windows may rebalance logical processors dynamically based on load.
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