INNOVATSION TEXNOLOGIYALAR Maxsus son, 2023-yil, dekabr
ISSN 2181-4732
47
and transformation of the stress–strain state of the bases of models of flatbets of hydraulic structures,
in addition, with the help of this device, it is possible to study the physical and mechanical properties
of the soil in the walls the pit.
During the tests, the load on the ground is transmitted through the stamp using a lever loaded
with weights and held by the frame. A transparent screen makes it possible to monitor the
deformations of the soil at the base of the stamp. At the same time, with the help of strain gauge
elements mounted on the screen, it is possible to investigate the process of stress transformation at
the contact of the screen and the soil mass. When soaking the base of the stamp, the device allows
you to monitor the process of moistening the soil.
In the process of conducting experiments, we used stamps having the shape of a rectangle or a
semicircle. The semicircular stamp during installation was in contact with the screen of the device
along the length of its diameter. Due to the high rigidity of the screen, this made it possible to simulate
the processes occurring at the base of a round die of the same diameter.
The use of the proposed device makes it possible to replace several devices [13] installed with
different orientations.
In most cases, an experiment conducted using this device allows you to replace several
experiments conducted with traditional equipment. So, to study the deformation properties of a loess
subsidence base, in practice it is necessary to conduct a series of identical stamp tests with the
installation of reference points in an array of soil and with the opening of the bases of stamps in each
of the experiments at one of the stages of the experiment. In addition to traditional indicators, as the
main design parameters of the stages of the loess soil deformation process, it is also necessary to
establish the end of the sediment deformation, the moment of formation of subsidence cracks, and
the end of post-subsidence compaction. These experiments can be replaced by one experiment using
the proposed device. No expensive equipment is required for its installation. Two workers can prepare
him for the experiment within 3-4 hours. During the research period, more than a hundred
experiments were conducted with the device in question.
In the objects under consideration, together with S.V.Zasov, experimental studies of the stress-
strain state of the loess bases of tubular crossings-the differences most prone to accidents during the
first year of operation were carried out. The peculiarities of the operation of tubular drops were
studied on the example of temporary structures of the inter-farm distributor of the Surkhan array,
installed without preliminary preparation of their bases. The structural parts of the structures were
equipped with control and measuring equipment devices for measuring the movements of parts of
structures and layer–by-layer deformations of the soil, sensors for measuring contact stresses along
the edges of the head (GD-128 complete with the CS-5 station), and stresses in the soil array (M-70
complete with the ISD-3 station).
The specifics of the interaction of the water supply parts of irrigation facilities with subsidence
bases are considered in sufficient detail in [13]. However, the presence of a large number of violations
in the operation of the heads - diaphragms of tubular structures required the study of the features of
work on subsident soils and these elements.
In the process of work, a pattern of changes in natural stresses in an array of low-moisture loess
soil in the bases of stamps was established when the latter was loaded to 0.2 MPa.
The stress distribution over the depth of the base in the soil of natural moisture under the centers
of round and square stamps with an area of 1m
2
is illustrated by Curve 1 in Fig.2 and Curve 1 in
Fig.3. Due to the uneven distribution of stresses along the contact of the stamp with the ground, their
values under the centers of the stamps differ significantly from the average.