INNOVATSION TEXNOLOGIYALAR Maxsus son, 2023-yil, dekabr
ISSN 2181-4732
44
The physical and mechanical characteristics of soils were determined in the laboratory of the
Department "Operation of Hydraulic Structures and Pumping Stations" of the Karshi Engineering and
Economic Institute, selected from pits at experimental sites and using a device for studying the
filtration and deformation properties of soil in the walls of the pit [14; 20].
Soils contain a significant amount of water-soluble salts and gypsum, which to a certain extent
determines its deformability when moistened.
The relative subsidence of soil studies depending on pressure, obtained from compression tests,
is given in Table 1.
The filtration coefficient was determined during laboratory tests of soils and had values in the
range of 0, 18 ... 0, and 48 m/day.
The zone of channel 2 of the Abdullah Kodiriyv array is based on the principle of placing
pressure sensors in depth under the base of the stamp from a pit located close to it. This method also
has disadvantages: compaction of the soil around the crushed sensor, the need for a pit near the
investigated soil mass, and the passage of horizontal wells. At the same time, it has the advantage
that the entire column of soil above the sensor installed in this way retains an undisturbed structure.
In the works [11; 15], the authors used different methods of installing ground pressure sensors.
However, conclusions on the basic patterns of stress distribution in the subsidence soils of the stamp
bases were made similar. At the same time, the authors do not have a consensus on the specific
distribution of pressures in the array of the ground foundation of foundation (stamp).
To determine the actual stress-strain state of the bases of hydraulic structures, we conducted
50 stamp tests of subsidence soils under various conditions of their soaking.
In the course of these numerous stamp tests of loess soils, their stress-strain state was studied
both at the contact with the stamp and along the depth of the array. The stresses in the soil of the
stamp bases were measured using string acoustic sensors of the design of the NIS Gidroproekt
GD-128 and strain gauge mesdoz of the design of the TSNIISK. CS-5 and ISD-3 stations were used
as recording equipment.
Vertical movements of the ground surface were determined by leveling surface marks, as well
as marks installed at specially selected points on the structure. The measurement of soil deformations
was carried out by leveling deep marks and using a constructed device [13].
Rectangular and round dies made of sheet steel or reinforced concrete were installed in pits
with a depth of 0.5 meters and loaded with reinforced concrete slabs weighing 15 kN each, or using
lever devices. The bottom of the pit was a carefully planned horizontal soil surface of natural
composition. To improve the accuracy of measurements, the loading of stamps was carried out in
small steps (0.015 MPa) with the systematic taking of readings of devices registering stresses in the
soil mass and its contact with the stamp.
Table 1.
