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percent or ranked 45, public funding/student, percentage
of GDP - data not available,
duration of secondary education (school), year-12.5/88, PISA scale of the international
student assessment program - no data available, student-teacher ratio, average -10.9/37),
second, higher education accounts for 33,9 scores or ranked 54 (enrollment in higher
education, gross percentage -15.9/101, graduates in science and engineering, percentage -
36,9/6, mobility in higher education- 0.2/106),
third, research and development (R&D) 1.2 scores or ranked 93 (researchers, FTE-
full-time equivalent/person-439,9/73, research and development expenditures in relation
to GDP, in percent - 0.1/98, research and investors, million USD - 0.0/38, QS- university
rating - 0.0/72).
In this parameter there are few positive cases due to insufficient or inadequate
information provided. These include the international student assessment program PISA
scale and government funding/student in relation to GDP, etc. However, in the ranking, the
student-teacher ratio and the performance of graduates in
science and engineering are
recognized as strong (ranked 6, while India ranked 11 and Russia ranked 14).
The
third parameter in the ranking - Infrastructure - also rose by 5 points compared
to 2021, from 72 to 74 (41.7 scores).
According to this,
first, information and communication technologies (ICT)
constituted 76.1 scores or ranked 55 (access to ICT 82,7/78, use of ICT 62,3/ 66, online
government service - 78.2/46, electronic users 81.0/46),
second, general infrastructure accounts for 32.6 scores or ranked 56 (electricity
generation -1891,9/ 84, logistics - 24.7/92, gross capital formation in percent in relation to
GDP - 40.6/6),
third, ecological balance accounts for 16.4 scores or ranked 117 (GDP/energy
consumption unit 5.2/118, environmental impact -38.2/77, ISO 14001 environmental
certificates/billion USD in relation to GDP-0.1/125).
According to some of these indicators, we are in the top 50, for example, ranked 46 by
online services of our government! In terms of e-commerce we possess the same result
andaccording to the level of capital formation in relation to GDP we can even compete for
the top 10, as we ranked 7 in terms of generating capital in relation to GDP! (Russia ranked
59, Kazakhstan ranked 24). In general, our indicators of “Infrastructure” have
demonstrated their strengths in many parameters.
“Market sophistication” is considered another important indicator of the global
rating, which has demonstrated a decrease by 36 points. In other words,
this indicator
accounts for 33.9 scores or ranked 60.
First, the lending is rated at 7.1 scores or ranked 119 (ease of borrowing – no data
available this year, but in 2021 it constituted 65.0/61, domestic loans to the private sector
in percent in relation to GDP - 35.7/87, microfinance gross loans in percent in relation to
GDP - 0.2/51),
second, in terms of investments no data available. However, last year this indicator
was rated at 70.0 scores or incomplete data (ease of protection of minority investors -
70.0/36, market capitalization- no data available, venture capital investors,
transactions/billion USD - no data available, venture capital recipients, transactions/
billion USD - no data available),
third, trade, diversification and market size have been rated at 60.7 or ranked 51
(applicable tariff rate,
average weight, 2,6/69, local industry diversification - 92,9/37,
domestic market size, billion USD (PPP) - 291,2/59).
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According to
“Business sophistication”, the fifth indicator in 2022 is admitted as an
absolute record of the rating, which has increased by 49 points compared to 2021
(improved its position from 123 ranking to 74).
Herewith,
the first, no data available in terms of educated employees (however, this
indicator amounted to 22.8 scores last year), knowledge-intensive employment in percent
– 16.9/98, firms offering formal training in percent - 16.9/98 compared to GERD in relation
to GDP – 0.1/69, GERD funded by business in relation to GDP – 13.7/56, women with
academic degree- no data available),
second, innovation relations have been scored at 24.7 or ranked 59. Due to the fact
that the data is inadequate (university-industry collaboration-data on research is not
available, development status of the
cluster - no data available, foreign-funded GERD in
percent in relation to GDP - 0.0/93, joint ventures/strategic partnership
agreements/billion USD (PPP) in percent in relation to GDP -0.0/62, patent families/billion
USD in percent in relation to GDP - 0.0/91),
third, mastering knowledge - 22.8 scores and ranked 100 (intellectual property fees,
total sales percentage - 0.4/74, high technology imports, total sales in percent - 9.1/54, ICT
services import, total sales in percent - 0,7/98, net inflow of foreign direct investment in
percent in relation to GDP - 2.6/54, research potential at enterprises in percent - 12.9/58).
The rating has no strengths in these business attractiveness indicators, with the
exception of the business-funded GERD.
In terms of Knowledge & technology outputs, the
sixth indicator, the figure accounts
for 17.9 scores and ranked 80. However, last year our country demonstrated the greatest
increase of 13 scores. Unfortunately this year Uzbekistan ranked 77. Although this figure
should have been even better, but our patents, research and
technical articles and the
information we quote are not in a position to be proud of.
First, knowledge creation (creative approach) - 9.1 scores or ranked 78 (patents
billion dollars (PPP) in percent in relation to GDP, 1.3/56, RST patents/billion USD (RRR),
0.0/95 percent in relation to GDP, utility models /billion USD, in percent in relation to GDP
1.3/18, research and technical articles/billion USD (PPP), 2.4/124 in percent in relation to
GDP, h-index of cited documents 3.4/113),
second, the impact of knowledge - 33.9 scores or ranked 42 in the rating! (labor
productivity growth in percent - 4.7/7, new businesses - 2.7/49, software costs, in percent
in relation to GDP - no data available, ISO 9001 quality certificates/billion USD (PPP) in
relation to GDP – 1.5/92, high-tech production, in percent - 27.3/46),
third, the spread of knowledge - 10.7 scores or ranked 101 in the rating (revenues on
the object of intellectual property, 0.0/106 in percent, attractiveness of production and
exports 30.3/85, exports of high technologies, 0.3/98 in percent in relation to the overall
trade, exports of ICT services, in percent in relation to overall trade - 0.9/87).
On the basis of the reforms ongoing in the socio-economic areas of the country, the
emergence of business entities and their high labor productivity deserves a high ranking in
the international ratings. That is, our country has been ranked 8 in terms of the labor
productivity growth! (For comparison: Republic of Belarus ranked 38, Russia ranked 44,
Kazakhstan-48), in percent - 4.6/8.
In addition, favourable position can be observed in
terms of the conditions created for the performance of new businesses. We can confidently
ascertain that the analytical data presented in these indicators have shown their strengths.
In the
seventh indicator “Creative outputs” Uzbekistan has improved by 11 scores
(ranked 102 in 2022). At the same time, it has reached 7.7 scores in the rating.
first, intangible assets have been assessed at 12.5 scores or ranked 94 (it is the first
time to be included in the rating), on trademarks/billion USD (PPP) in relation to GDP
30.9/75, global brand value with the highest value of 5000 in GDP - no data available, on
industrial samples/billion USD (PPP) in relation to GDP - 0.6/82;
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second, creative goods and services -5.3 scores or ranked 100 in the rating (export of
cultural and creative services, in percent to total trade - 0.0/132, national feature films -
1.2/79, entertainment and media market - no data available, printing and other media,
production as a percentage - 0.5/79, exports of creative products, as a percentage of total
trade - 0.3/68),
third, online creativity - 0.5 scores or ranked 109 in the rating (total
top-level
domains (TLDs) - 0.0/132, country code TLD - 1.2/79, wikipedia edits - 0.9/104, mobile
application creation/billion USD (RRR), in relation to GDP - 0.0/107).
It should be noted, we still have a lot of work to do on these indicators. However,
despite of improving our rating from 113 to 102 we are still far behind the foreign
experience in the creation and commercialization of intellectual property (creation of
intellectual property ecosystem), which has been repeatedly mentioned by the President of
our country. Moreover, the President has determined it as one of the priorities.
We can say with confidence that today on the basis of the “Third Renaissance”, the
“Concept of Science Development until 2030”, adopted as one of the significant steps in
achieving international indices and rankings of Uzbekistan, is being implemented. It is not
difficult to understand this, as we are gradually rising in the above International rankings
because in 2020, when we scored the International Innovation Index (GII) by this World
Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), in 2021 it was ranked 82.
