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2-Mavzu. Kompyuterlarni tashkil qilishning raqamli mantiqiy asoslari
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| Sana | 28.01.2023 | | Hajmi | 449.47 Kb. | | #39907 |
Bog'liq 12-Mavzu nz Киберхавф асослари mustaqil ish 2022 лотин, Силлабус Узб.тарихи ўзбекча, To\'liq, 4-mavzu Tarbiya nazariyasi. Tarbiyaning umumiy metodlari. Tarbi-fayllar.org Topic 12. Organization and types of memory. 12-Mavzu. Xotiraning tashkil etilishi va turlari.
Plan
Of memory hierarchical structure
Basic memory . Static and dimanic memory structure
Reja
Xotiraning iyerarxik strukturasi
Asosiy xotira. Statik va dimanik xotira tuzilishi
Large size information save the problem hal to do traditional way , memory hierarchical apparently formed reach with instead is increased (Figure 1).
Figure 1 Memory five sathli apparently formed reach _
Katta hajmdagi ma’lumotlarni saqlash muammosini hal qilishning ananaviy yo‘li, xotirani ierarxik ko‘rinishda tashkil etish bilan amalga oshiriladi (1-rasm).
1-rasm. Xotirani besh sathli ko‘rinishda tashkil etish.
Of the processor internal registers hierarchy eng high section located . To them appeal to do speed , other kind of memories relatively much is high ( a how much nanoseconds , 1ns = 10 -9 ).
Next in a row current at the time size 32 Kbytes a how much megabytes to be possible cache memory _ located .
Protsessorning ichki registrlari ierarxiyaning eng yuqori qismida joylashgan. Ularga murojaat qilish tezligi, boshqa xil xotiralarga nisbatan ancha yuqoridir (bir necha nanosekund, 1ns=10-9).
Keyingi qatorda hozirgi paytda xajmi 32 Kbaytdan bir necha megabaytgacha bo‘lishi mumkin bo‘lgan kesh-xotira joylashgan.
Of the hierarchy third step , size a how much on gigabytes has to be possible which was basic memory ( random access memory , OZU ) located . The speed at which it is applied is a few nanoseconds .
Next in rows magnetic disks and tapes , and optics disks based on using running memory devices located .
Ierarxiyaning uchinchi pog‘onasida, hajmi bir necha o‘n gigabaytlarga ega bo‘lishi mumkin bo‘lgan asosiy xotira (tezkor xotira, ОЗУ) joylashgan. Unga murojaat qilish tezligi – bir necha o’z nanosekund.
Keyingi qatorlarda magnitli disklar va lentalar, hamda optik disklar asosida yordamida ishlaydigan xotira qurilmalari joylashgan.
Hierarchy across from above down depending on , three pointer changing to go we can see possible .
First - to memory appeal to do time growing up goes _ In the registers this time - one how much nanoseconds , cache- in memory henceforth salgina more , basic in memory esa a how much on nanoseconds formed does . Next in rows differences even larger - to discs appeal to do time at least 10 mks larvae , optics disks and magnet on tapes esa even bigger _ values has will be , and in seconds measured .
Secondly memory size growing goes _
Third known value ( for example - $ 1 ) coming memory The size also increases goes _ Here basically magnetic and optics to disks relevant information is given .
Ierarxiya bo‘ylab yuqoridan pastga qarab, uchta ko‘rsatgichni o‘zgarib borishini ko‘rishimiz mumkin.
Birinchidan - xotiraga murojaat qilish vaqti kattalashib boradi. Registrlarda bu vaqt – bir necha nanasekundni, kesh-xotirada bundan salgina ko‘proqni, asosiy xotirada esa bir necha o‘n nanosekundlarni tashkil qiladi. Keyingi qatorlardagi farqlar yana ham kattalashadi – disklarga murojaat qilish vaqti kamida 10 mks larga, optik disklar va magnit lentalarda esa bundan ham katta qiymatlarga ega bo‘ladi, hamda sekundlarda o‘lchanadi.
Ikkinchidan xotira xajmi o‘sib boradi.
Uchinchidan ma’lum qiymatga (masalan - 1 dollarga) to‘g‘ri keladigan xotira hajmi ham, oshib boradi. Bu yerda asosan magnitli va optik disklarga taalluqli ma’lumotlar keltiriladi.
Figure 2 . _ Main memory
2-rasm. Asosiy xotira
Figure 3 _ _ External memories
3-rasm. Tashqi xotiralar
Basic memory . Static and dynamic memory structure _ Of the computer basic memory - his programs and information save for designed component .
Basic memory - fast memory device is also called ( Random Access Memory - RAM) (operativnoe zapominayushchee ustroystvo - OZU or called operative ) .
Asosiy xotira. Statik va dinamik xotira tuzilishi. Kompyuterning asosiy xotirasi – uning dasturlarini va ma’lumotlarini saqlash uchun mo’ljallangan komponentidir.
Asosiy xotira – tezkor xotira qurilmasi ham deb ataladi (Random Access Memory – RAM) (оперативное запоминающее устройство - ОЗУ yoki оперативка deb ataladi).
Fast memory device two type available :
1. Static TXQ ( Static RAM - SRAM) . It 's kind of memory D- triggers based on is built .
2. Dynamic TXQ ( Dynamic RAM - DRAM) . It 's kind of memory in construction triggers not used .
Dynamic TXQ - transistors and very much small from capacitors built , cells from the collection consists of will be .
Tezkor xotira qurilmasining ikki turi mavjud:
1. Statik TXQ (Static RAM - SRAM). Bu turdagi xotira D-triggerlar asosida quriladi.
2. Dinamik TXQ (Dynamic RAM - DRAM). Bu turdagi xotirani qurishda triggerlar ishlatilmaydi.
Dinamik TXQ – tranzistorlar va juda kichik kondensatorlardan qurilgan, yaycheykalar to’plamidan iborat bo’ladi.
Dynamic TXQning a how much types available :
- FPM ( Fast Page Mode ) - fast pages mode has dynamic memory ;
- EDO ( Extended Data Output ) - connection points options extended dynamic memory ;
- DRAM, SDRAM ( Synchronous RAM) - synchronous dynamic TXQs ;
- DDR ( Double Data Rate ) - data two karra tez uzata receiver SDRAM.
Динамик ТХҚнинг бир неча хиллари мавжуд:
- FPM (Fast Page Mode) – тезкор саҳифалар режимига эга динамик хотира;
- EDO (Extended Data Output) – уланиш нуқталарининг имкониятлари кенгайтирилган динамик хотира;
- DRAM, SDRAM (Synchronous RAM) – синхрон динамик ТХҚлари;
- DDR (Double Data Rate) – маълумотларни икки карра тез узата олувчи SDRAM.
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