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Blockchain technologies in e-government
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| bet | 1/6 | | Sana | 08.07.2024 | | Hajmi | 115,76 Kb. | | #267016 |
Bog'liq BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGIES IN E-GOVERNMENT
BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGIES IN E-GOVERNMENT
Otaboev Nodirbek Oybek ugli
Assistant of Tashkent State University of Economics,
n.otaboyev@tsue .uz
Abdulakhatov Muzaffarjon
Associate Professor of Tashkent State University of Economics, muzaffar.abdulakhatov@gmail.com
Abstract
Blockchain (or blockchain) is a distributed database consisting of blocks of information that are interconnected using cryptographic hashes. Each block contains a set of transactions or other data, as well as a hash of the previous block. Thus, the blocks form a chain where each block contains information about the previous block. One of the main features of the blockchain is its decentralization. Blockchain works on the basis of consensus, which means that network participants must reach agreement on changes to the database. This allows network participants to have a common version of the database and ensures transparency and reliability of data storage and transmission.
Keywords: Smart contracts, blockchain, digital technologies, digital economy, procurement, e-government.
INTRODUCTION
Purchases. Smart contracts can help reduce the costs of the procurement process by automating many stages, starting with the submission of an application for participation in a tender and ending with payment to suppliers. This can improve the transparency of the process and reduce the risk of corruption.
Taxation. Smart contracts can help automate the process of paying taxes and fees, reduce the number of errors and fraud, and reduce the time for processing tax reports. Smart contracts are immutable computer programs written on the blockchain and invoked by blockchain participants.
Smart contracts provide automation and control flow logic for any system supported by the blockchain. Smart contracts should be considered as software functions in all aspects, and smart contract management mechanisms should be deterministic. The determinism of smart contracts is a characteristic that maintains the ledger in a stable, consistent state, ensures the finality of transactions and avoids soft and hard forks. The determinism of the actions of smart contracts is usually left to the discretion of the developer. Thus, it must ensure that automated actions are performed as planned, and the results of these actions leave the data in a consistent state, regardless of the node(s) on which they are performed. The actions of a smart contract should lead to the same result every time the contract is executed . The use of smart contracts in e-government has already become a reality in many foreign countries. Let's look at some examples.
USA. In the US, smart contracts are used in various fields, including voting, taxation and property management. For example, in the city of Virginia Beach, smart contracts are used for property management, which allows for transparency of the transfer of ownership rights and reduces the time for its implementation. In Wyoming, smart contracts are used to register businesses, which makes the process easier and faster.
Denmark. In Denmark, smart contracts are used in e-government to simplify the process of taxation and property rights management. For example, smart contracts are used to automatically calculate taxes on the income of individuals and companies, which reduces the time for processing tax reports and reduces the number of errors.
Estonia. Estonia is one of the most advanced countries in the use of smart contracts in e-government. Smart contracts are used for voting, tax reporting and property rights management. For example, smart contracts are used to register companies, which makes the process easier and faster.
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