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Book · October 021 citations reads 35,829 authorsBog'liq 4 PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH
TOPIC VI. ONLINE COMMUNICATION MORALITY and SECURITY
Machine Cognition and AI Ethics
Computational Ethics Systems
One main research activity in machine ethics is developing computational ethics systems. The status
is that there are several such systems; however, a paucity of overall standards bodies, general ethics
modules, and an articulation of universal principles that might be included like human dignity,
informed consent, privacy, and benefit-harm analysis.
One required feature of computational ethics systems could be the ability to flexibly apply different
systems of ethics to more accurately reflect the ways that human intelligent agents approach real-
life situations. For example, it is known from early programming efforts that simple models like
Bentham and Mill’s utilitarianism are not robust enough ethics models. They do not incorporate
comprehensive human notions of justice that extend beyond the immediate situation in decision-
making.
What is helpful is that machine systems on their own have evolved more expansive models than
utilitarianism such as a prima facie duty approach. In the prima facie duty approach, there is a more
complex conceptualization of intuitive duties, reputation, and the goal of increasing benefit and
decreasing harm in the world. GenEth is a machine ethics sandbox that is available to explore these
kinds of systems for Mac OS, with details discussed in this conference paper.
There could be the flexible application of different ethics systems, and also integrated ethics
systems. For example, these computational frameworks differ by ethical parameters and machine
type; an integrated system is needed to enable a connected car to interface with a smart highway.
The French ETHICAA (Ethics and Autonomous Agents) project seeks to develop embedded and
integrated metaethics systems.
An ongoing debate is whether machines ethics should be separate modules or part of regular
decision-making. Another point is that ethics models may vary significantly by culture; consider for
example collectivist versus individualist societies, and how these ideals might be captured in code-
based computational ethics modules.
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