Chapter I. Theoretical foundations and approaches to the study of politeness 7

CONCLUSION

Studying the implicit and explicit features of politeness in the written speech culture of English and Uzbek languages ​​reveals the importance of language in today's era of globalization and establishing international relations, where business correspondence takes the leading place in the relations between partners, and oral communication is often is of interest to linguists in the period of replacement. As a result of carrying out scientific and practical analyzes of written speech, including e-mail letters, the following conclusions were reached:

1. 
   An analysis of the literature of recent years indicates an increase in public interest in the linguistic and non-verbal features of the expression of politeness in different cultures. The concept of "politeness" is considered in the work from the standpoint of a cultural approach, which explains the nature of its representation from the cultural characteristics of a particular country.
   
2. 
   Hence, in a number of linguistic works it is proposed to distinguish between two types of linguistic politeness: explicit and implicit. Implicit politeness is difficult to describe in a language, since any statement that does not have any linguistic markers of politeness can perform the functions of politeness if it corresponds to the corresponding intentions of the speaker.
   
3. 
   Explicit politeness consists in taking into account the conversion contract and other rules of pragmatic execution, that is, it can be described as compliance with existing norms. Language behavior appropriate to the situation is polite, deviation from it is impolite. The expression of explicit politeness is determined by the rules of etiquette, which, being a stabilizing form of everyday communication, allow individuals at different levels of the hierarchy to maintain contact without losing their "face".
   
4. 
   Politeness in e-mail writing involves taking into account the correspondent’s feelings. Therefore the language used should always avoid any choice of words that might be face-threatening. Any reply to a letter received should express thanks for the previous correspondence in the very first paragraph. Whenever possible you should express your pleasure for having received some written communication from your business partner, and invite him not to hesitate contacting you if necessary.
   
5. 
   The linguo-stylistic analysis of each of the email’s texts presented in the corpus made it possible to give a qualitative description of the linguistic means used by the author when compiling and writing a letter. These linguistic means were considered at the lexical, morphological, syntactic and stylistic levels. A detailed examination of all language units, their qualification proves that they form a specific system of language standards that serve the official business style, and confirmed the hypothesis that they form the genre of business writing and make it unique.
   
6. 
   In a comparative aspect, the national specificity of a business letter was also considered. In this paper, we have presented a new look at the features of the English and Uzbek languages of e-mail writing, namely from the standpoint of evaluating the language means used in writing it by a representative of a linguistic culture. Using the example of a detailed analysis of the linguistic and intentional organization of a number of letters, we were able, as a result of comparing the contexts of letters belonging to the author-non-Uzbek linguistic personality, with similar contexts that would also characterize the general business style of the author-Uzbek linguistic personality, to single out private units of the Russian language that are unusual for this context, the appearance of which we explained by the personal-cultural linguistic character.
   
7. 
   There also tended to be more politeness devices with direct request strategies (in the case of appointment and feedback requests), and comparatively fewer politeness devices with indirect request strategies. Apparently, the email medium did not make politeness features unnecessary; it is the request strategy that may have a greater impact in email as to whether or not and to what extent requests are modified syntactically and/or lexically, in attempts at preserving brevity and clarity.
   
8. 
   Overall, our research has been that the exploration of ‘face’ as a negotiated image between interactants appears to be an appropriate point of departure for the analysis of politeness strategies. From there, the understanding of (im)politeness meaning is made with the considerations of relevant factors in the context.
   
9. 
   The work of learning the language of business letters is inexhaustible and has its own future prospects. In particular, we consider it promising to continue the systematization of linguistic units in connection with their reflection in communicative intentions. This will make it possible to more fully present the language tools for the implementation of a wide range of communicative goals that the compiler of a business letter sets for himself.