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Ministry for the development of information technologies and communications of the republic of uzbekistan
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| bet | 3/7 | | Sana | 16.05.2024 | | Hajmi | 0,57 Mb. | | #238318 |
Bog'liq maruza 31. Frequency Bands: Wi-Fi operates in two primary frequency bands - 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. The 2.4 GHz band provides better coverage over longer distances and is more prone to interference from other devices like microwaves and Bluetooth devices. The 5 GHz band offers faster speeds but has a shorter range.
2. Modes and Standards: Wi-Fi standards have evolved over time to improve performance and security. Some common standards include:
- 802.11b: Introduced in 1999, offering speeds up to 11 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz band.
- 802.11a/g: Introduced around the same time, providing speeds up to 54 Mbps in the 5 GHz and 2.4 GHz bands, respectively.
- 802.11n: Introduced in 2009, offering speeds up to 600 Mbps using multiple antennas and both frequency bands.
- 802.11ac: Introduced in 2013, offering speeds up to several gigabits per second (Gbps) in the 5 GHz band, also known as Wi-Fi 5.
- 802.11ax: Introduced in 2019, also known as Wi-Fi 6, designed to handle multiple devices simultaneously and provide better performance in crowded environments.
3. Channels and Channel Bonding: Wi-Fi networks operate on specific channels within the available frequency bands. Channel bonding allows devices to use multiple channels simultaneously to increase data rates.
4. Modulation Techniques: Wi-Fi uses various modulation techniques to encode data onto radio waves for transmission. These techniques include phase-shift keying (PSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), which allow for higher data rates and better reliability.
5. Security Protocols: To ensure secure communication, Wi-Fi networks implement encryption and authentication protocols such as WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) and WPA2. These protocols help prevent unauthorized access and eavesdropping on wireless transmissions.
6. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO): MIMO technology uses multiple antennas to transmit and receive data simultaneously, improving throughput and reliability by reducing signal fading and increasing data rates.
7. Beamforming: Beamforming technology focuses wireless signals towards specific devices, improving signal strength and range, especially in environments with obstacles or interference.
Overall, Wi-Fi technology continues to evolve to meet the increasing demand for faster speeds, better coverage, and improved security in wireless networking.
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The IEEE 802.11 standard, commonly known as Wi-Fi, encompasses a wide range of technologies and protocols used for wireless networking. While there isn't a single "block diagram" that fully encapsulates all aspects of Wi-Fi technology, I can provide a simplified overview of the key components and processes involved in a typical Wi-Fi system:
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