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Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology
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Bog'liq ТўпламNamangan Institute of Engineering and Technology
nammti.uz
10.25.2023
Pg.74
The use of fossil fuels is responsible for environmental problems such as global warming
and air pollution, which cause health problems and affect the quality of life of populations.
Concluded that Uzbekistan government policy plays a major role in the long-term and more
permanent SO
2
emission decline, through modification of industrial structure, change to cleaner
energy sources, population growth limitation, and regulation of the number and emissions of
vehicles. The reforms introduced in the republic of Uzbekistan economic structure, aiming to
decrease the ratio of secondary industry, show that the policies implemented by the government
are the major driver to improve air quality. Analyzed the difference between the effects of trade
and trade-related emissions on premature deaths attributable to air pollution in the main regions
like Ferghana,Ta shken t,Navoiy and concluded that there is a strong and broad impact of
domestic trade on regional air quality. This justifies the need for a comprehensive consideration of
supply chains in designing policy to mitigate the negative health impacts of air pollution in
Uzbekistan.
Besides the environmental and health problems, fossil fuels are unevenly distributed, which
increases the concerns about energy security due to their key role in today’s energy production
systems [
10
]. Moreover, they are nonrenewable resources which raises the problem of their
availability for this and future generations. Their complete depletion should be avoided, thus
contributing to the decrease in the environmental impact in the corresponding impact category. The
instability of markets and prices is also a drawback in their use, causing negative economic impacts.
All the above-mentioned issues contribute to today’s unsustainable energy systems and
to the quest for new solutions that will reduce the economic, social, and environmental
negative impacts of energy systems, thus increasing sustainability. Achieving sustainable energy
systems still remains a challenge for the majority of countries, in spite of the efforts made by
governments, international agencies, and other stakeholders. In the last few decades, new
policies have been implemented and incentives for renewable energy have been granted
through support mechanisms, for example, feed-in-tariffs. Many other strategies, such as
demand side measures and smart grids, have been addressed to overcome the challenges that
a change to low carbon energy systems create [1].
Energy systems are changing, and it is important to quantify and assess those variations,
measuring the progress toward the established goals. Indicators can be a useful tool to achieve
that purpose. These indicators can analyze energy systems globally, such as the energy mix for a
given country, considering the different sources of energy: fossil (fuel, coal, and gas), nuclear,
biofuels and waste, renewable (hydro, solar, wind, geothermal, etc.), or parts of the energy system
(renewable energy sources). Another indicator is energy dependence, which is important because it
can significantly affect the development of countries, since it increases their vulnerability to price
instability and supply ruptures. Share of renewable energy in the gross final energy consumption is
an important indicator, since it can represent the pathway to lower carbon energy systems.
Concerning fossil fuels, there are some indicators that are very important, such as the fossil fuel
energy mix, fossil fuel energy consumption, and fossil fuel depletion.
These indicators can be defined as follows:
•
Energy mix: contribution of each source of energy to total energy;
•
Energy dependence: the percentage of imports in total energy consumption;
•
Share of renewable energy: the percentage of renewable energy in gross final
energy consumption [
22
];
•
Fossil fuel energy mix: the contribution of each fossil fuel source of energy to the fossil
energy;
•
Fossil fuel energy consumption: the quotient between the usage of fossil fuels (oil, solid
fuels, and gas) and gross inland energy consumption (Equation (1)):
𝐹𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑙 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛% =
𝐸
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑠
+𝐸
𝑜𝑖𝑙
+𝐸
𝑔𝑎𝑠
𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
(1)
=
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