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Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology
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Bog'liq ТўпламNamangan Institute of Engineering and Technology
nammti.uz
10.25.2023
Pg.75
where E
solids
fuels
is the energy consumption from solid fuels, E
total
petroleum
products
is the
energy consumption from petroleum products, and E
gas
is the energy consumption from gas.
•
Depletion of fossil fuels: the quotient between fossil fuel reserves (proven) and gross
annual production (Equation (2)). There are three indicators, one for oil, one for gas, and one for
coal:
Data, relative to the year 2016, were gathered for several European countries from Eurostat
and used in this study. Furthermore, statistical data from BP were used, dated from the year 2017
[
24
].
1.1.
Fossil Fuel Energy Mix for European Countries
Figure
1
shows the fossil fuel energy mix for the European Union countries.
Figure 1. Fossil fuel energy mix in the European Union countries
The indicators were calculated using data (2016) that were gathered for several European
countries from Eurostat [3]. Considering the energy consumption of oil, solid fuels, and gas in the
selected European countries, it is possible to conclude that in most of the countries considered the
oil presents the highest percentage. Only in four countries, solid fuels present a higher percentage,
namely Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, and Poland, which is due to the local availability of
solid fuels. In Italy, Hungary, and Slovakia, gas presents the highest percentage. In many countries
the solid fuels’ percentage is very small, as can be seen in Figure 1, which is a positive aspect since
solid fuels are recognized as having more severe environmental and social negative impacts. The
European directives issued toward the use of cleaner sources of energy can be indicated as a factor
that contributed to this situation [2].
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