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| bet | 2/3 | | Sana | 20.05.2024 | | Hajmi | 0,5 Mb. | | #244764 |
Bog'liq 5and6tasksTMP36 temperature censor
TMP36 is a temperature sensor with an analog output signal, designed to measure temperature in a wide range and with high accuracy. It is an inexpensive, easy-to-use and reliable temperature sensor that is widely used in many projects, including working with Arduino and other microcontrollers.
Key Features
Analog Output: The TMP36 outputs an analog voltage signal for temperature measurement. The output voltage changes according to the temperature value.
Temperature Range: Can measure temperatures from -40°C to +125°C.
Power Supply: Works with 2.7V to 5.5V power supply.
Accuracy: able to measure temperature with an accuracy of ±1°C.
Output Voltage: The output voltage changes by 10mV per °C (for example, at 25°C the output voltage is 750mV).
Electronic Specifications
Low Power Consumption: The sensor operates with low power consumption, making it ideal for use in battery-powered systems.
Linearity: The linear measurement characteristic of the sensor ensures high accuracy and accurate temperature measurement.
The LCD1602 display
The LCD1602 is a widely used liquid crystal display (LCD) that is commonly utilized in various electronic projects. It features a 16x2 character display, meaning it can show up to 16 characters on each of its 2 lines. This display is popular for its simplicity, ease of use, and compatibility with microcontrollers like Arduino.
Key Features
Display Size: 16 columns and 2 rows (16x2).
Interface Type: Parallel interface (4-bit or 8-bit).
Power Supply: 5V DC.
Character Size: 5x8 or 5x10 dot matrix.
Operating Temperature: -20°C to +70°C.
Backlight: Many LCD1602 displays come with a backlight, making them readable in low-light conditions.
Pin Configuration
The LCD1602 has 16 pins, each serving a specific function:
VSS: Ground.
VDD: Power supply (5V).
V0: Contrast adjustment.
RS (Register Select): Selects command register or data register.
RW (Read/Write): Selects read mode or write mode.
E (Enable): Enables writing to the registers.
7-14. D0-D7: Data pins (for 8-bit or 4-bit mode).
A (Anode): Backlight positive.
K (Cathode): Backlight ground.
Connecting LCD1602 to Arduino
To connect the LCD1602 to an Arduino, follow these wiring steps:
VSS: Arduino GND.
VDD: Arduino 5V.
V0: Middle pin of a potentiometer (other pins of the potentiometer connected to 5V and GND for contrast adjustment).
RS: Arduino pin 12.
RW: Arduino GND.
E: Arduino pin 11.
D4: Arduino pin 5.
D5: Arduino pin 4.
D6: Arduino pin 3.
D7: Arduino pin 2.
A: Arduino 5V (for backlight).
K: Arduino GND (for backlight).
Displaying Data
The LCD1602 can display data using several commands and functions:
lcd.print(): Print text or numbers on the display.
lcd.setCursor(col, row): Set the cursor to a specific column and row.
lcd.clear(): Clear the display.
lcd.home(): Set the cursor to the home position (0, 0).
Buzzers
Buzzers are audio signaling devices commonly used in electronic circuits to produce a buzzing or beeping sound. They are widely used in alarms, timers, and user interfaces to provide audio feedback. There are different types of buzzers, including piezoelectric buzzers and magnetic buzzers, each with unique properties and applications.
Types of Buzzers
Piezoelectric Buzzers
Principle: Operate based on the piezoelectric effect, where a piezoelectric material generates sound when an alternating voltage is applied.
Construction: Consist of a piezoelectric diaphragm made of ceramic or polymer material bonded to a metal plate.
Features:
Low power consumption
Compact and lightweight
Can produce a wide range of frequencies (typically 1-5 kHz)
Applications: Used in alarms, timers, and small electronic devices.
Magnetic Buzzers
Principle: Operate using an electromagnet that moves a diaphragm to produce sound when an alternating current passes through the coil.
Construction: Consist of a coil, magnet, and diaphragm.
Features:
Applications: Used in applications requiring louder sound, such as car alarms and industrial warning systems.
Key Characteristics
Operating Voltage: The voltage range within which the buzzer operates effectively, commonly 3V to 12V.
Current Consumption: The amount of current the buzzer draws, important for power-sensitive applications.
Sound Pressure Level (SPL): Measured in decibels (dB), indicates the loudness of the buzzer. Higher SPL means a louder buzzer.
Frequency: The pitch of the sound produced by the buzzer, measured in Hertz (Hz).
Size and Form Factor: The physical dimensions, important for fitting the buzzer into a specific space within an electronic device.
How Buzzers Work
Piezoelectric Buzzers:
When an AC voltage is applied to the piezoelectric material, it deforms and generates sound waves.
The frequency of the applied voltage determines the pitch of the sound.
Magnetic Buzzers:
An AC current passes through the coil, creating a magnetic field.
The magnetic field moves the diaphragm, producing sound waves.
The frequency of the AC current determines the pitch of the sound.
Applications
Consumer Electronics: Used in household devices like microwave ovens, washing machines, and alarm clocks to provide audio alerts and feedback.
Automotive: Utilized in car alarms, seat belt reminders, and other warning systems.
Industrial: Employed in machinery for alerting operators to errors or completion of processes.
Medical Devices: Used in medical equipment to signal alerts or notifications.
Toys and Gadgets: Found in various toys and gadgets to produce sounds for entertainment or functionality.
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