Performance Tuning Guidelines for Windows Server 2008 May 20, 2009

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Performance Tuning Guidelines for Windows Server 2008

May 20, 2009

Abstract

This guide describes important tuning parameters and settings that can result in improved performance for the Windows Server® 2008 operating system. Each setting and its potential effect are described to help you make an informed judgment about its relevance to your system, workload, and performance goals.

This information applies to the Windows Server 2008 operating system.

The current version of this guide is maintained on the Web at:

http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/system/sysperf/Perf_tun_srv.mspx

Feedback: Please tell us if this paper was useful to you. Submit comments at:

http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=102585

References and resources discussed here are listed at the end of this guide.

The information contained in this document represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation on the issues discussed as of the date of publication. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information presented after the date of publication.
This White Paper is for informational purposes only. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT.
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© 2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
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Document History

Date	Change
May 20, 2009	Updated the Power Guidelines, Network Subsystem Tuning, File Server Tuning, and Virtualization Server Tuning sections for Windows Server 2008 SP2.
May 27, 2008	Added “Power Guidelines” under Server Hardware section and added “Performance Tuning for Virtualization Servers” section.
October 16, 2007	Added “Performance Tuning for Terminal Server” and “Performance Tuning for Terminal Server Gateway” sections.
August 31, 2007	First publication

Contents

In This Guide 6

Performance Tuning for Server Hardware 7

Power Guidelines 9

Changes to Default Power Policy Parameters in Service Pack 2 11

Interrupt Affinity 11

Performance Tuning for the Networking Subsystem 12

Choosing a Network Adapter 13

Offload Capabilities 13

Receive-Side Scaling (RSS) 13

Message-Signaled Interrupts (MSI/MSI-X) 14

Network Adapter Resources 14

Interrupt Moderation 14

Suggested Network Adapter Features for Server Roles 14

Tuning the Network Adapter 15

Enabling Offload Features 15

Increasing Network Adapter Resources 15

Enabling Interrupt Moderation 16

Binding Each Adapter to a CPU 16

TCP Receive Window Auto-Tuning 16

TCP Parameters 17

Network-Related Performance Counters 17

Performance Tuning for the Storage Subsystem 18

Choosing Storage 19

Estimating the Amount of Data to Be Stored 20

Choosing a Storage Array 21

Hardware RAID Levels 22

Choosing the RAID Level 25

Selecting a Stripe Unit Size 31

Determining the Volume Layout 31

Storage-Related Parameters 32

NumberOfRequests 32

I/O Priorities 33

Storage-Related Performance Counters 33

Logical Disk and Physical Disk 33

Processor 35

Power Protection and Advanced Performance Option 35

Block Alignment (DISKPART) 36

Solid-State and Hybrid Drives 37

Response Times 37

Queue Lengths 39

Performance Tuning for Web Servers 40

Selecting the Proper Hardware for Performance 40

Operating System Practices 40

Tuning IIS 7.0 41

Kernel-Mode Tunings 42

Cache Management Settings 43

Request and Connection Management Settings 44

User-Mode Settings 45

User-Mode Cache Behavior Settings 45

Compression Behavior Settings 45

Tuning the Default Document List 47

Central Binary Logging 48

Application and Site Tunings 48

Managing IIS 7.0 Modules 49

Classic ASP Settings 50

ASP.NET Concurrency Setting 51

Worker Process and Recycling Options 51

Secure Sockets Layer Tuning Parameters 52

ISAPI 52

Managed Code Tuning Guidelines 52

Other Issues that Affect IIS Performance 53

NTFS File System Setting 54

Networking Subsystem Performance Settings for IIS 54

Performance Tuning for File Servers 54

Selecting the Proper Hardware for Performance 54

Server Message Block Model 54

Configuration Considerations 55

General Tuning Parameters for File Servers 56

General Tuning Parameters for Client Computers 57

Performance Tuning for Active Directory Servers 58

Considerations for Read-Heavy Scenarios 60

Considerations for Write-Heavy Scenarios 60

Using Indexing to Increase Query Performance 61

Optimizing Trust Paths 61

Active Directory Performance Counters 61

Performance Tuning for Terminal Server 62

Selecting the Proper Hardware for Performance 62

CPU Configuration 63

Processor Architecture 63

Memory Configuration 64

Disk 64

Network 65

Tuning Applications for Terminal Server 66

Terminal Server Tuning Parameters 67

Pagefile 67

Antivirus and Antispyware 67

Task Scheduler 67

Desktop Notification Icons 68

Client Experience Settings 69

Desktop Size 70

Windows System Resource Manager 70

Performance Tuning for Terminal Server Gateway 71

Monitoring and Data Collection 72

Performance Tuning for Virtualization Servers 72

Terminology 72

Hyper-V Architecture 74

Server Configuration 75

Hardware Selection 75

Server Core Installation Option 76

Dedicated Server Role 76

Guest Operating Systems 77

CPU Statistics 77

Processor Performance 77

Integration Services 77

Enlightened Guests 78

Virtual Processors 78

Background Activity 78

Weights and Reserves 79

Tuning NUMA Node Preference 79

Memory Performance 80

Enlightened Guests 80

Correct Memory Sizing 80

Storage I/O Performance 81

Synthetic SCSI Controller 81

Virtual Hard Disk Types 82

Passthrough Disks 82

Disabling File Last Access Time Check 83

Physical Disk Topology 83

I/O Balancer Controls 83

Network I/O Performance 84

Synthetic Network Adapter 84

Multiple Synthetic Network Adapters on Multiprocessor VMs 85

Offload Hardware 85

Network Switch Topology 85

Interrupt Affinity 85

VLAN Performance 86

Performance Tuning for File Server Workload (NetBench) 86

Registry Tuning Parameters for Servers 86

Registry Tuning Parameters for Client Computers 87

Performance Tuning for Network Workload (NTttcp) 87

Tuning for NTttcp 87

Network Adapter 88

TCP/IP Window Size 88

Receive-Side Scaling (RSS) 89

Tuning for IxChariot 89

Performance Tuning for Terminal Server Knowledge Worker Workload 89

Recommended Tunings on the Server 91

Monitoring and Data Collection 93

Performance Tuning for SAP Sales and Distribution Two-Tier Workload 93

Operating System Tunings on the Server 94

Tunings on the Database Server 94

Tunings on the SAP Application Server 95

Monitoring and Data Collection 95

Resources 96

Windows Server® 2008 should perform very well out of the box for most customer workloads. Optimal out-of-the-box performance was a major goal for this release and influenced how Microsoft designed a new, dynamically tuned networking subsystem that incorporates both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols and improved file sharing through Server Message Block (SMB) 2.0. However, you can further tune the server settings and obtain incremental performance gains, especially when the nature of the workload varies little over time.

The most effective tuning changes consider the hardware, the workload, and the performance goals. This guide describes important tuning considerations and settings that can result in improved performance. Each setting and its potential effect are described to help you make an informed judgment about its relevance to your system, workload, and performance goals.

Note: Registry settings and tuning parameters changed significantly from Windows Server 2003 to Windows Server 2008. Remember this as you tune your server. Using earlier or out-of-date tuning guidelines might produce unexpected results.

As always, be careful when you directly manipulate the registry. If you must edit the registry, back it up first.

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