Smart Home System: a comprehensive Review Arindom Chakraborty, monirul Islam, Fahim Shahriyar

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Smart Home System A Comprehensive Review

10. Services Provided by SHS

9. Computational Approaches in SHS
In every SHS, one of the most crucial parts is the compu-
tational unit. It can either be a physical unit placed inside an
SHS or a cloud platform employed for this purpose. Te next
segment contains a summary of the computational methods
utilized by the paper reviewed in this study.
9.1. Big Data.
Big data is the method of systematically an-
alyzing and extracting information from large sets of data
that are otherwise too big and complex to analyze through
traditional data processing methods. A large-scale SHS,
which employs several sensors and appliance control
mechanisms, often generates an enormous amount of data.
Te big data computational method ofers a system that
enables us to handle such a huge amount of data
[72, 117, 118].
9.2. Cloud Computing.
In SHSs, cloud computing provides
access to computer system resources such as data storage
and processing power on demand. Tis way, instead of
directly purchasing extra storage and processors, the system
can use cloud resources to satisfy its needs [22, 97, 104].
9.3. Fog Computing.
Fog computing or fogging is a dispersed
computing architecture that exists between cloud and data-
generating devices. It uses optimized edge devices to process,
store, and communicate with the user end through the
Internet. Fog computing reduces the energy consumption of
SHSs by decreasing the amount of data required to transmit
[72, 74, 117].
10. Services Provided by SHS
Tis next section mentions some of the services provided by
smart home systems. In recent times, several types of
services have been introduced for SHSs, but this section
discusses the most popular ones.
10.1. Security Systems of SHS.
Security is a big concern in any
SHS, be it security from intruders or security against data
theft [141]. Smart homes are gradually employing more and
more robust security systems thanks to the ongoing research
on SHS security [142]. In this section, the security aspect of
SHSs is explored in brief.
Te smart home intrusion warning is a system that
detects and alerts smart home users about possible un-
authorized entry into home. Various approaches have been
undertaken by researchers to secure smart homes from
intrusion. A real-time intrusion alert based on image pro-
cessing that can detect human faces and warn the SHS user is
proposed by the author in [29]. Te authors in [81] present
a low-cost Bluetooth and smartphone-based security system
that uses voice recognition and an eye scanner to identify the
user. A cloud-based security system that enables the user to
lock all the doors and windows, alerts about intrusion via
SMS, and allows wireless home monitoring through cameras
is discussed in [114]. Alexa or the Amazon voice service and
Raspberry Pi are used to secure doors of a smart home in
[86], where a push notifcation is sent to the user if the door
is opened without authorization. In [79], a security system
for elderly and physically challenged people has been dis-
cussed, which uses a PIR sensor to detect an object or in-
truder and, with the help of a camera connected to Raspberry
Pi, captures a photo of the intruder. In [119], a robot is used
to monitor the smart home and detect intrusions or ab-
normal events. Equipped with a camera, this robot can
diferentiate between intrusion and private moments such as
nakedness and can avoid monitoring sensitive activities of
home occupants.
Te SHS that employs Internet, IoT, remote home
monitoring, and wireless appliance controlling systems uses
wireless communication systems and thus is vulnerable to
data hacking. It is essential to set up a secure network for
a comfortable smart home experience. As the number of
devices connected to IoT-based systems is continuously
growing, a secured network is essential [143]. To terminate
the security threats of an IoT network, the authors in [61]
proposed a smart card-based security system that is based on
the secure addressing and authentication (SCSAA) scheme,
which upgrades the standard IPv6 protocol. An internal
security framework for smart devices has been proposed in
[109], which ensures devices’ security against data leakage,
modifcation, or false code integration into systems. A
password-protected user interface has been developed in
[59] that requires user authentication to access the moni-
toring interface. In [118], machine learning and big data
have been used to detect anomalies in the network with the
help of a hidden Markov model (HMM) that can sense the
presence of cyber anomalies in the system. An intrusion
detection and mitigation framework (IoT-IDM) structure
has been developed in [120]. Tis framework continuously
monitors the devices connected to the system in an IoT-
based smart home and looks out for any malicious activity or
Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
21

anomalies in the network. Upon detecting any unauthorized
activity, the system blocks the intruder and protects devices.
Smart devices connected to the system can authenticate one
another and create a secure data transmission network. Te
system proposed in [121] is able to monitor IoT network
trafc and extract information. Tis extracted information is
then used to detect abnormal behavior in the system. An
SHS security architecture is proposed in [122], which is
efcient, reliable, and accurate and manages the SHS net-
work safely. By using private Ethereum blockchain, the
authors in [123] proposed an SHS network security system.

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