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Smart Home System: a comprehensive Review Arindom Chakraborty, monirul Islam, Fahim ShahriyarBog'liq Smart Home System A Comprehensive Review4.4. Internet of Tings (IoT)-Based SHS.
Te Internet of
things (IoT) is an arrangement of interconnected computing
devices, mechanical and digital machines, sensors, micro-
controllers, and other electronic devices that are uniquely
identifable, and these unique devices can communicate
through the Internet with one another without requiring
human or computer interaction. IoT is a relatively new
technology and has gained excessive popularity among re-
searchers [16, 33]. IoT has been used to design and im-
plement smart homes in [34]. In [28, 29], the authors utilized
IoT to design a security system for SHSs. An energy man-
agement system based on IoT is proposed in [35]. An IoT-
based smart home energy management system has been
explored in [36] alongside the usage of sensors to monitor
the occupants of the smart home. IoT is used in [37] to detect
the early stages of dementia with the help of machine
learning. IoT has become one of the key technologies in the
development of SHSs. In an IoT-based SHS, the main
controller, sensors, and computational devices are all in-
ternally connected through the Internet. All these devices
can receive and transfer data automatically without any
human intervention. In an IoT system, the connection be-
tween nodes (sensor node, computational node, etc.) can be
established wired or wirelessly.
4.5. Artifcial Intelligence (AI)-Based SHS.
Artifcial in-
telligence (AI) is defned as a computing system that is
capable of performing tasks that generally demand human
intelligence, such as visual object detection, speech recog-
nition, and decision-making [38]. AI has been used by re-
searchers frequently due to its wide range of functions. In
[39], the authors developed a smart home system for
emotion detection based on AI. An AI-based image pro-
cessing system has been developed for an antitheft system in
[29]. An IoT elderly care system based on AI is proposed in
[40]. Artifcial Intelligence is paving the way for more in-
telligent SHSs. Furthermore, developments in this feld can
result in more resilient, interactive, and comfortable smart
homes [41].
4.6. Machine Learning (ML)-Based SHS.
Machine learning is
a subsection of artifcial intelligence that deals with learning
patterns from given data by a machine to make sense of
previously unfamiliar data [42]. It also deals with the pro-
cessing of a large amount of data to recognize images,
patterns, and speech. In a machine learning-based SHS, the
data collected from the smart home are analyzed and used to
predict the status and control of the home equipment [43].
Machine learning is used in [37] to detect the early signs of
dementia among elderly people. Machine learning-based
systems can also monitor the security systems of smart
homes [44].
4.7. Deep Learning (DL)-Based SHS.
Deep learning is
a segment of a wider group of machine learning techniques
that are based on artifcial intelligence. It imitates the human
brain with data processing and feature extraction and
decision-making [45, 46]. As proposed in [28], deep learning
can help with smart home automation and energy reduction.
An object detection system for SHSs with the help of image
processing was developed in [47]. Deep learning has also
been used for healthcare purposes along with IoT [48].
4.8. Neural Network (NN)-Based SHS.
A neural network tries
to copy human brain function through a set of algorithms
and extracts traits and fundamental relationships from the
collection of data [49]. A neural network is used in SHSs for
smart decision-making such as information extraction,
image and speech recognition, and text detection [25].
4.9. Fuzzy Logic-Based SHS.
Fuzzy logic is a multivalued
logic-based reasoning method that computes data based on
“degrees of truth,” which is quite diferent from Boolean
logic (0 or 1) used by modern computers. Fuzzy logic does
not have any absolute truth or absolute false value [50]. A
smart home for dementia care based on fuzzy logic is
proposed in [51].
4.10. Global System for Mobile (GSM)-Based SHS.
GSM is
a standard for second-generation (2 G) digital mobile net-
works. Te short message service (SMS) is a very popular
feature of the GSM mobile network. GSM-based SHSs use
this SMS feature to send a warning message to the user’s
phone about various dangers, including smoke, fre, and
theft [22, 52]. Also, smart home appliances could be
monitored and controlled by sending an SMS from the user’s
phone as described in [53].
4.11. Bluetooth-Based SHS.
Bluetooth is a short-range,
wireless communication method that allows data transfer
between electronic devices such as mobile phones, com-
puters, and peripherals over a short distance. A smart home-
controlled system based on Bluetooth can control home
appliances through an app installed on a user’s phone
[54–56]. A smart home system for blind people based on IoT
and Bluetooth communication is proposed in [57].
4.12. Classifcation of Reviewed SHSs According to Techno-
logical Approaches.
A summary of the diferent approaches
Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
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taken by the authors in their research to develop SHSs is
provided in Table 2.
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