Kommutatorlar boshqariladigan va boshqarilmaydiganlarga bo‘linadi (eng oddiy). Murakkab kalitlar OSI modelining tarmoq (uchinchi) qatlamida kommutatsiyani boshqarishga imkon beradi. Odatda ular mos ravishda nomlanadi, masalan, Layer 3 Switch yoki oddiygina L3 sifatida qisqartiriladi. Kommutatorni veb-interfeys protokoli, SNMP, RMON (Cisco tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan protokol) va boshqalar orqali boshqarish mumkin.
3.1- Rasm. Cisco kommutatorlar va ularning xarakteristikasi
Ko‘pgina boshqariladigan kommutatorlar qo‘shimcha funksiyalarga imkon beradi: VLAN, QoS, yig‘ish, aks ettirish. Murakkab kalitlarni bitta mantiqiy qurilmaga birlashtirish mumkin - portlar sonini ko‘paytirish uchun (masalan, siz 4 ta kalitni 24 port bilan birlashtirib, (4 * 24-6 = 90) portli mantiqiy kalitni olishingiz mumkin, yoki 96 port bilan (agar stacking uchun maxsus portlar ishlatilsa).
3.2 –rasm. Cisco kommutator Catalyst 2960
3.3- Rasm. Cisco Packet Tracerdagi Cisco Catalyst 2960 kommutatorning orqa paneli
Laboratoriya ishining amaliy qismi:
Cisco Packet Tracerni oching. Chapdagi pastki paneldan uskunalar bilan terminal uskunalari ro‘yxatini oching. Kompyuterni tanlang va ish joyida ikkita shaxsiy kompyuter yarating.
3.4- Rasm. - Cisco Packet Tracer ish maydoni.
Keyin ikkala shaxsiy kompyuterda IP-manzil va pastki tarmoq niqobini sozlang. Kompyuterni ikki marta bosishingiz kerak, yuqori lentadagi «Desktop» tanlang «IP configuration» (3.5- Rasm) После этого Shundan so‘ng biz ularni bir-biriga bog‘laymiz (3.5- Rasm).
3.5- Rasm. - Kompyuterda IP manzillarni o‘rnatish va ularni bir-biriga ulash
Ping yordamida ulanishni tekshiramiz (3.6- Rasm). Agar to‘g‘ri sozlangan bo‘lsa, unda yo‘qolgan paketlar bo‘lmaydi (Yo‘qotilgan = 0). ARP protokoli birinchi paketlarning yo‘qolishi mumkin. ARP (ing. Address Resolution Protocol - manzilni aniqlash protokoli) - boshqa
kompyuterning MAC manzilini ma’lum IP manzil orqali aniqlash uchun mo‘ljallangan kompyuter tarmoqlaridagi protokol.
3.6- Rasm. - PC0 dan Ping PC1.
Bundan tashqari, xuddi shu uskunalar panelida, tarmoq uskunalari bo‘limida siz Cisco Catalyst 2960 modelini tanlashingiz kerak.Bundan oldin bir-biriga ulangan shaxsiy kompyuterlar kommutatorga ulangan bo‘lishi kerak (3.7- Rasm).
3.7- Rasm. - Kommutator orqali ulangan 3 ta shaxsiy kompyuterdan iborat tarmoq.
3.8- Rasm. – Natijani ping orqali tekshiriladi.
C:\>ping 192.168.1.2 // Ulanish testi
Pinging 192.168.1.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Ping statistics for 192.168.1.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
C:\>ping 192.168.1.3
Pinging 192.168.1.3 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Ping statistics for 192.168.1.3:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
C:\>ping 192.168.1.4
Pinging 192.168.1.4 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.1.4: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from 192.168.1.4: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from 192.168.1.4: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 192.168.1.4: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Ping statistics for 192.168.1.4:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
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