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choose to fly IFR if they possess an instrument rating which is
above and beyond the basic pilot’s
license that must also be held.
G
Controlled airspace is divided into several different types, designated by letters of the alphabet.
Uncontrolled airspace is designated Class F, while controlled airspace below 5,490m above sea
level and not in the vicinity of an airport is Class E. All airspace above 5,490m is designated Class A.
The reason for the division of Class E and Class A airspace stems from the type of planes operating
in them. Generally, Class E airspace is where one finds general aviation aircraft (few of which can
climb above 5,490m anyway), and commercial turboprop aircraft. Above 5,490m is the realm of the
heavy jets, since jet engines operate more efficiently at higher altitudes. The difference between
Class E and A airspace is that in Class A, all operations are IFR, and pilots must be instrument-
rated, that is, skilled and licensed in aircraft instrumentation. This is because ATC control of the
entire space is essential. Three other types of airspace, Classes D, C and B, govern the vicinity of
airports. These correspond roughly to small municipal, medium-
sized metropolitan and major metropolitan airports respectively, and encompass an increasingly
rigorous set of regulations. For example, all a VFR pilot has to do to enter Class C airspace
is establish two-way radio contact with ATC. No explicit permission from ATC to enter is needed,
although the pilot must continue to obey all regulations governing VFR flight. To enter Class B
airspace, such as on approach to a major metropolitan airport, an explicit ATC clearance is required.
The private pilot who cruises without permission into this airspace risks losing their license.