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or after school, setting extra work if necessary. In observed lessons, any strugglers would be
assisted by the teacher or quietly seek help from their neighbour. Carefully fostered class identity
makes pupils keen to help each other - anyway, it is in their interests since the class progresses
together.
This scarcely seems adequate help to enable slow learners to keep up. However, the
Japanese attitude towards education runs along the lines of 'if you work hard enough, you can do
almost anything'. Parents are kept closely informed of their children's progress and will play a part in
helping their children to keep up with class, sending them to 'Juku' (private evening tuition) if extra
help is needed and encouraging them to work harder. It seems to work, at least for 95 per cent of
the school population.
F
So what are the major contributing factors in the success of maths teaching? Clearly, attitudes are
important. Education is valued greatly in Japanese culture; maths is recognised as an important
compulsory subject throughout schooling; and the emphasis is on hard work coupled with a focus on
accuracy.
Other relevant points relate to the supportive attitude of a class towards slower pupils, the lack of
competition within a class, and the positive emphasis on learning for oneself and improving one's
own standard. And the view of repetitively boring lessons and learning the facts by heart, which is
sometimes quoted in relation to Japanese classes, may be unfair and unjustified. No poor maths
lessons were observed. They were mainly good and one or two were inspirational.