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The main ecological problems in UzbekistanBog'liq англ Bog\'ot Chilangarlik (2), 05.09.2022 КОНТИН, nxDtG5CHpBBjdh9eqXfxZypOvWDvbWrb3zUuutwM, LABORATORIYA ISHI mexanika, 2 5206677407129411385, Dızbek, TEST SQL, lug`at 10-sinf adabiyod, Abadanlastırıw uisleri boyınsha, Sanoat mikrobiologiyasi, 3.4 шакл бўйича мақолалар рўйхати, elektronika Jalolov, tarjma, tarmoq2. The main ecological problems in Uzbekistan
Despite Uzbekistan's rich and varied natural environment, decades of
environmental neglect in the Soviet Union have combined with skewed economic
policies in the Soviet south to make Uzbekistan one of the gravest of the CIS's
many environmental crises. The heavy use of agrochemicals, diversion of huge
amounts of irrigation water from the two rivers that feed the region, and the
chronic lack of water treatment plants are among the factors that have caused
health and environmental problems on an enormous scale.
Environmental devastation in Uzbekistan is best exemplified by the catastrophe of
the Aral Sea. Because of diversion of the Amu Darya and Syrdariya for cotton
cultivation and other purposes, what once was the world's fourth largest inland sea
has shrunk in the past thirty years to only about one-third of its 1960 volume and
less than half its 1960 geographical size. The desiccation and salinization of the
lake have caused extensive storms of salt and dust from the sea's dried bottom,
wreaking havoc on the region's agriculture and ecosystems and on the population's
health. Desertification has led to the large-scale loss of plant and animal life, loss
of arable land, changed climatic conditions, depleted yields on the cultivated land
that remains, and destruction of historical and cultural monuments. Every year,
many tons of salts reportedly are carried as far as 800 kilometers away. Regional
experts assert that salt and dust storms from the Aral Sea have raised the level of
particulate matter in the earth's atmosphere by more than 5 percent, seriously
affecting global climate change.
The Aral Sea disaster is only the most visible indicator of environmental decay,
however. The Soviet approach to environmental management brought decades of
poor water management and lack of water or sewage treatment facilities;
inordinately heavy use of pesticides, herbicides, defoliants, and fertilizers in the
fields; and construction of industrial enterprises without regard to human or
environmental impact. Those policies present enormous environmental challenges
throughout Uzbekistan.
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