Internet access

Intranet Benefits

Image courtesy of Newport News Public Schools Intranet sites allow employees access to confidential information.

Another benefit of using an intranet is improved information sharing and collaboration across an organization [source: Digital Web Magazine]. Let's use the example of a sales department in a software company. Instead of each salesman maintaining his own sales lead lists and saving them on his own computer, all sales leads can be posted and tracked on a central Web site on the corporate intranet [source: Intranet Roadmap]. Salesmen can post and share product pitch scripts, training videos and industry reports. Instead of sending hundreds of different group e-mails, all of the information lives at one central location. This saves time, which in turn saves money.

Intranets become even more powerful when they're linked to corporate databases. Suddenly, all of the information on the corporate network is searchable and accessible through a simple Web interface. This can be another money saver for a company. Instead of buying and licensing software for each and every desktop in the office, the company can switch to Web-based applications that are accessed through a Web browser [source: Devware]. Peoplesoft is a Web-based application that can be hosted on a corporate intranet. Human resources can maintain employee records and customer service reps can track help requests all through an intranet Web site.

Another financial benefit of intranets is that they're scaleable and flexible [source: Intranet Roadmap]. A small company can turn a simple desktop PC into a Web server, build some basic HTML Web pages and be up and running at practically no extra cost. As the company grows, it can invest in a more robust Web server, hire a Web developer to design more dynamic intranet Web pages and make more and more information and software available online.

Beyond their tangible, financial benefits, intranets can also help develop and reinforce the corporate culture of a business [source: Intranet Roadmap]. Executives can maintain blogs on the company intranet site alerting employees to new and exciting developments. Employee relations specialists can post newsletters, maintain event calendars and organize volunteer groups through the intranet site. And employees themselves can start blogs and build Wikis that explain every facet of corporate life.

For companies that also maintain well-trafficked, dynamic Internet Web sites, the corporate intranet Web site can be a place to test out new ideas and emerging Web 2.0 features [source: Information Week]. Maybe a company is toying with the idea of launching its own online social network or Internet television channel. All of the technical quirks and usability issues can be worked out on the in-house intranet site so that everything runs smoothly when the new features are unveiled to the public.

Now that we've covered some of the advantages of using an intranet, let's talk about how an organization plans for and develops its intranet.

The Intranet

The term intranet refers to the fact that the web or other internet applications

are being run completely on the inside of a private network often without a direct

connection to the internet.

In recent development, the internet has become a common technology in most

businesses, organizations and institutions. In view of this fact, most of these

organizations have become accustomed to web browsers. This means that

organizations could use web browsers to disseminating information. This

information might not necessarily be accessed on the internet but on a local

server set up to be accessed on the inside using an internet browser. Here, at

UNIJOS, we have a server setup with thousands of documents occupying over 20

Gigabytes of Hard Disk space. These documents range from Literature to

Technical Training documents donated by Cliff Missen from widernet.

One can imagine if all these documents were on printed paper, the sheer volume

alone would scare one from browsing through to select a specific book. In fact, it

is ergonomically and economically sound because one could save a lot of space

and money. One could also do their bit for the environment by saving the trees –

what Cliff usually refers to as “Dead Trees and Ink”, i.e. printed documents.

There are services that have being developed throughout internet and intranet

history. Most of these services came about solving one problem or the other by

programmers writing code and publishing it for other to benefit. These services

include:

_ File Transfer Protocol (FTP)—Transfers files between computers.

_ Telnet—A way to send commands to another computer and receive the

output.

with Telnet.

_ Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS)—A search engine that finds files

containing a particular text string.

_ News—A bulletin board service (BBS) that lets users post messages and read

and respond to those posted by others.

_ Mail—A convention for encoding electronic mail messages for transmission

over the network.

_ World Wide Web—A way to publish “pages” of information, including text,

graphics, multimedia objects such as sound and video clips, and links to

other pages.
Intranet Web Creation

There are five major topics related to deploying World Wide Web software on a

corporate LAN:

_ Install and configure TCP/IP

_ Install software on the Web server

_ Install software on the Web client

_ Publish content on the Web server

_ Maintain the server’s content

The Internet’s standard network protocol is TCP/IP; the Internet’s information

sharing tools can use this protocol, and many require it. The first step in

deploying an intranet is installing and configuring TCP/IP on the network’s

computers.

Each device node on the network is (or can be) assigned several TCP/IP

configuration settings with dots separating four sections, including an IP

address (such as 11.22.33.44) that identifies the node and its subnet, a subnet

mask that the node uses to identify nodes on other subnets, and a default

gateway to which the node sends frames destined for nodes on other subnets.

You may have assigned these settings statically, or you may have installed the

domain host configuration protocol (DHCP) service on a Windows NT Server

computer to assign these settings when each device boots.

If users reference computers using host names instead of memorizing IP

addresses, you have either entered common IP addresses and corresponding

host names in HOSTS files on the computers, or you have configured a domain

name service (DNS) to resolve host names to IP addresses dynamically. Similarly,

if users reference computers using NetBIOS names, you have either entered

addresses and names in LMHOSTS files on the computers, or you have

configured the Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) on a Windows NT Server

computer.

Install Web Server Software

Technically, a Web server communicates with clients using the HyperText

Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Web server and HTTP server are synonymous, which is

why URLs identifying data on a Web server begin with “http” (for example, the

Microsoft World Wide Web site is http://www.microsoft.com/).
HTTP, in turn, is a convention for sending messages over the TCP/IP network

protocol. If you install TCP/IP on the client and server computers, the Web client

and server software implement HTTP: you don’t need to “install” an HTTP

network protocol.

Web server software is typically a service written for a particular operating

system. The Web server computer may be dedicated to this task, or it can also

perform other tasks (if it runs other services) such as file, printer, or application

serving.

_ Internet Information Server (IIS)

IIS runs on Windows NT Server 3.51, service pack 3 and above. It

includes Web, FTP, and Gopher server services, and is the preferred

Web server platform for business use.

_ FrontPage Personal Web Server

FrontPage is a Web page authoring tool that includes a Personal Web

Server component which lets people design and test pages on a single

computer. FrontPage is not optimized for typical business use.

Install Web Client Software

The most important Web client software is a Web browser: an application that

can communicate with a Web server using HTTP. There is a wide variety of Web

browsers. Some are shareware, others cost money; some are text-based, most

are graphical. Among the most popular browsers are Microsoft Internet Explorer,

Netscape Navigator, and NCSA Mosaic.

Virtually all Web browsers can read and display documents written in the

HyperText Markup Language (HTML). An HTML document describes a “page”

which can contain text (with multiple fonts, and effects such as boldfacing,

underlining, colors, and so on), references to graphics that the browser can

display (typically GIF and JPEG formats), and hypertext links to other pages or

other kinds of documents.

Hypertext links are the key to the Web’s usefulness. Without them, a Web

browser is little more than a read-only word processor. With them, a Web

browser lets users navigate from one document to another by clicking a mouse,

without starting another application and without worrying about server names,

directories, or file names.

If you activate a URL that starts with “http” the computer tries to launch a Web

browser to locate and possibly display the data that the URL identifies. If the

browser cannot interpret the data, the browser starts another application to

display the document. For example, if the URL points to an Excel spreadsheet,

the browser starts Excel. Microsoft freely distributes Viewer applications that let

a client display Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Access documents without

requiring the full-fledged applications.

computer starts your Web browser and directs it to display the data identified by

the URL. If you start the browser as a stand-alone application, it displays a

default page (home page).

The Web server and browser are of little use unless the server has documents to

share. There are three ways to create (author) these documents (content):

_ Create a page (HTML document) that displays the information you want

people to see

You can do this with a text editor (such as Notepad) and an HTML programming

guide, or you can do it an easier way using an HTML page authoring tool: you

type or draw the information you want to share, and the tool creates the HTML

document for you. Such tools are available from Microsoft as part of Internet

Information Server and FrontPage.

_ Use authoring tools to create a page from another document

Microsoft freely distributes application add-ins called Internet Assistants for

Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access, and Schedule+. These products help you

convert existing documents into HTML.

Internet Information Server supplies the Internet Database Connector (IDC), an

add-in required for any Web server to access a Microsoft SQL Server database.

The Internet Database Connector helps you create Web pages “on the fly” from

SQL Server data.

SQL Server 6.5 supplies a Web Assistant which helps you automatically create

pages from database files, either on a schedule or when the data changes.

_ Create a page (by hand or with authoring tools) with a link to a non-HTML

document that the client’s applications can display

Maintenance is a critical but frequently underestimated part of running a Web

site. Links make the Web useful for users, but they increase the labor for

authors and administrators.

For example, when you add a new document you may need to convert it to

HTML, add links from existing pages to the new page, or (if the new document

has been converted to HTML) add links to the new document. When you delete

an existing document you must ensure that documents to which it was linked

are still accessible, and ensure that other documents linked to the deleted one

are updated. The latter tasks are also necessary when you rename or move a

document.

Most page authoring tools, including Internet Information Server and FrontPage,