Introduction to tcp/IP

Introduction to TCP/IP

Topic

• TCP/IP & The DOD Model
• The TCP/IP Protocol Suite
• Basics of IP Addressing
• Broadcast Addresses

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

• TCP/IP, or the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, is a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet. TCP/IP can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network (an intranet or an extranet).
• TCP/IP specifies how data is exchanged over the internet by providing end-to-end communications that identify how it should be broken into packets, addressed, transmitted, routed and received at the destination. TCP/IP requires little central management, and it is designed to make networks reliable, with the ability to recover automatically from the failure of any device on the network.

The two main protocols in the internet protocol suite serve specific functions.

The two main protocols in the internet protocol suite serve specific functions.

• TCP defines how applications can create channels of communication across a network. It also manages how a message is assembled into smaller packets before they are then transmitted over the internet and reassembled in the right order at the destination address.
• IP defines how to address and route each packet to make sure it reaches the right destination. Each gateway computer on the network checks this IP address to determine where to forward the message.

Department of Defense (DoD) Model of TCP/IP

The DoD model is basically a condensed version of the OSI model—it’s composed of four, instead of seven, layers:

• Process/Application layer
• Host-to-Host layer
• Internet layer
• Network Access layer