Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating System with Tools On Security and Kali Hacking to Understand Computer Programming, Data Science and Command Line

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Linux This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts The Underground Bible
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I / O Management
File Management And File Systems

Memory Management
While executing the code, the processor takes instructions and data from the
computer's (main) memory. This memory is displayed as an array of bytes,
each of which has an address.
As mentioned, the main memory is a type of resource between
processes. OS is responsible for the allocation of memory. The address
space is protected during the process and released only after the execution
process is completed. The amount of memory available to the process can
vary in the course of the distribution of memory.
OS must be capable of programs, individually or in the aggregate amount
available for the main memory. To this end, virtual memory technology
must be realized. This technology allows placing in the main memory only
those instructions and processes that are needed at the current time, while
the contents of the rest of the address space are stored on disk.
I / O Management
The operating system is responsible for managing I / O devices connected
to the computer's memory. Support for such devices in the OS is usually
performed at two levels. The first lower level includes device drivers -
software modules that control devices of a particular type, taking into
account all their features. The second level includes a versatile I / O
interface convenient for use in applications.
The OS should implement a common I / O driver interface through which
they interact with other system components. This interface makes it easy to
add drivers for new devices. Modern OSes provide a large selection of

ready-made drivers for specific peripherals. The more devices the OS
supports, the more chance it has of practical use .
File Management And File Systems
For OS users and programmers, disk space is provided as a set of files
organized into a file system. A file is a set of files on a file system that can
be accessed by name. The term "file system" can be used for two concepts:
the principle of organizing data in the form of files and a specific set of data
(usually the corresponding part of the disk) organized in accordance with
this principle. As part of the OS, it can be implemented simultaneously
supported and ICA several file systems.
File systems are considered at the logical and physical levels. The logical
level defines the external representation of the system as a collection of
files (usually located in directories), as well as performing operations on
files and directories (creation, deletion, etc.). The physical layer defines the
principles of allocation of data structures of the file system on the drive.

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