O‘zbеkiston rеspublikasi oliy ta’lim, fan va innovatsiyalar vazirligi

Exercise 2. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words 
from the text below. 
a. Using the latest multimedia_____________ would improve the quality of any 
performance. 
b. Polyglots are usually _____________ with tremendous abilities that in its turn 
an _____________ expanding of worldview. 
c. I’m doing my best in the way of education and tomorrow sees m e_________ . 
d. Mr. X was the _____________ behind the plan to acquire the 
newest_____________ . 
e. There are so m any_____________ to choose from and some are arguably better 
than others. 
Task 2. Reading 
Investment activity 
 
In economic science, investment is capital expenditure on physical productive 
assets, e.g. machinery, factory buildings, roads, bridges, houses, and stocks. 
Real investments generally involve some kind of tangible asset. 
As a financial term investment embraces purchases of stock exchange securities or 
deposits of money in banks, building societies, or other financial institutions, with 
a view to income and, in appropriate cases, capital gains. 
Users of capital, from governments to every kind of industrial or commercial joint-
stock company, all depend for the supply of their financial resources on those who 
are willing to invest their funds, on investors. 
Investment is closely associated with other aspects of economic order such as the 
role of financial centres, labour migration, and the regime of international trade 
prevailing at the time. 
Technological advances, the removal of exchange controls and financial 
deregulation have all contributed to the expansion of international capital flows. As 
a result foreign investment has become a fundamental feature of international 
economic development. 
There are two main channels for international investment: foreign direct 
investment (FDI) and foreign indirect investment, or portfolio investment. 
Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when citizens of one nation (the "home" 
nation) acquire managerial control of economic activities in some other nation (the 
"host" nation). Setting up a foreign operation through a joint venture, establishment 
of a foreign branch or the purchase or formation of a foreign subsidiary are 
examples of foreign direct investment. 

Firms controlling activities in several nations have become known as 
"multinational enterprises" (MNSs), "transnational corporations" (TNCs) and, 
more recently, "global corporations". 
The reasons why effects of FDI are generally assessed as positive can be 
summarized as follows: first, FDI speeds the international diffusion of new 
technologies and other efficiency enhancing intangible assets, such as 
organizational skills. Then, FDI in many national markets will stimulate 
competition among firms. 
The process of supplying capital to a foreign institution, through a loan or purchase 
of stock, without sharing in the institutions management is foreign indirect 
investment. 
An investor, when confronted with a list of investment possibilities, will want to 
assess the risks and general advantages and disadvantages connected with putting 
his or her money into this or that security. To receive higher return, investors must 
be prepared to accept a higher level of risk. Trying to limit or minimize the risk 
investors construct and diversify portfolios and spread their foreign investments 
among a number of different countries. 
Institutional investors have contributed to development of new types of investment 
management techniques, sophisticated portfolio monitoring, have pioneered the 
application of quantitative security valuation techniques, such as dividend discount 
models. 

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