Performance Tuning Guidelines for Windows Server 2008 R2 October 15, 2010




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Performance Tuning Guidelines for Windows Server 2008 R2

October 15, 2010



Abstract

This guide describes important tuning parameters and settings that you can adjust to improve the performance and energy efficiency of the Windows Server® 2008 R2 operating system. This guide describes each setting and its potential effect to help you make an informed decision about its relevance to your system, workload, and performance goals.

This paper is for information technology (IT) professionals and system administrators who need to tune the performance of a server that is running Windows Server 2008 R2.

This information applies to the Windows Server 2008 R2 operating system.

References and resources discussed here are listed at the end of this guide.

The current version of this guide is maintained on the Web at:


http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/system/sysperf/Perf_tun_srv-R2.mspx

Feedback: Please tell us whether this paper was useful to you. Submit comments at:


http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=102585

Disclaimer: This document is provided “as-is”. Information and views expressed in this document, including URL and other Internet Web site references, may change without notice. You bear the risk of using it.

Some examples depicted herein are provided for illustration only and are fictitious. No real association or connection is intended or should be inferred.
This document does not provide you with any legal rights to any intellectual property in any Microsoft product. You may copy and use this document for your internal, reference purposes.
© 2010 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Document History



Date

Change










October 15, 2010

  • Throughout the paper – Clarified some explanations; clarified energy consumption vs. power consumption.

  • “Interrupt Affinity” – Added recommendation to use device-specific mechanism for binding interrupts, if supported by the driver model.

  • “Network-Related Performance Counters” – Added IPv6 and TCPv6.

  • “Performance Tuning for the Storage Subsystem” – Various minor updates throughout.

  • “Performance Tuning for File Servers” –Added guidance for NtfsDisableLastAccessUpdate; added “Tuning Parameters for NFS Server”, “File Server Tuning Example”, and “File Client Tuning Example”.

  • “Performance Tuning for Remote Desktop Session Host” – Added references to two new white papers on capacity planning.

  • “Monitoring and Data Collection” (multiple sections) – Updated the list of counters to monitor.

  • “Performance Tuning for File Server Workload (SPECsfs2008)” – New section.

  • “Performance Tuning for SAP Sales and Distribution Two-Tier Workload” – Substantial updates to the whole section.

  • “Performance Tuning for TPC-E Workload” – New section.

  • “Resources” – A few additions and updates.




November 18, 2009

  • Throughout the paper – Updated the references to the Remote Desktop Session Host (previously called Terminal Server); various minor edits.

  • “Choosing a Network Adapter” – Fixed a typo in the RSS registry entries.

  • “Performance Tuning for File Servers” – Added MaxMpxCt parameter information; updated the default maximum payload for the SMB redirector to 64 KB per request; added MaxCmds parameter information.

  • “Performance Tuning for Remote Desktop Session Host” – Added information about the settings used when you choose a connection speed.

  • “Resources” – Provided additional resources.

June 25, 2009

First publication.

Contents


In This Guide 7

Choosing and Tuning Server Hardware 7

Choosing Server Hardware: Performance Considerations 8

Choosing Server Hardware: Power Considerations 11

Power and Performance Tuning 12

Calculating Server Energy Efficiency 12

Measuring System Energy Consumption 13

Diagnosing Energy Efficiency Issues 14

Using Power Plans in Windows Server 15

Tuning Processor Power Management Parameters 15

Interrupt Affinity 18

Performance Tuning for the Networking Subsystem 20

Choosing a Network Adapter 21

Offload Capabilities 21

Receive-Side Scaling (RSS) 21

Message-Signaled Interrupts (MSI/MSI-X) 22

Network Adapter Resources 22

Interrupt Moderation 23

Suggested Network Adapter Features for Server Roles 23

Tuning the Network Adapter 23

Enabling Offload Features 24

Increasing Network Adapter Resources 24

Enabling Interrupt Moderation 24

Enabling RSS for Web Scenarios 24

Binding Each Adapter to a CPU 25

TCP Receive Window Auto-Tuning 25

TCP Parameters 26

Network-Related Performance Counters 26

Performance Tuning for the Storage Subsystem 27

Choosing Storage 28

Estimating the Amount of Data to Be Stored 29

Choosing a Storage Array 30

Hardware RAID Levels 31

Choosing the RAID Level 34

Selecting a Stripe Unit Size 40

Determining the Volume Layout 40

Storage-Related Parameters 41

I/O Priorities 41

Storage-Related Performance Counters 41

Logical Disk and Physical Disk 41

Processor Information 43

Power Protection and Advanced Performance Option 44

Block Alignment (DISKPART) 45

Solid-State and Hybrid Drives 45

Response Times 46

Queue Lengths 48

Performance Tuning for Web Servers 49

Selecting the Proper Hardware for Performance 49

Operating System Practices 49

Tuning IIS 7.5 50

Kernel-Mode Tunings 51

Cache Management Settings 51

Request and Connection Management Settings 52

User-Mode Settings 53

User-Mode Cache Behavior Settings 53

Compression Behavior Settings 54

Tuning the Default Document List 56

Central Binary Logging 56

Application and Site Tunings 57

Managing IIS 7.5 Modules 58

Classic ASP Settings 59

ASP.NET Concurrency Setting 60

Worker Process and Recycling Options 60

Secure Sockets Layer Tuning Parameters 61

ISAPI 62

Managed Code Tuning Guidelines 62

Other Issues that Affect IIS Performance 62

NTFS File System Setting 63

Networking Subsystem Performance Settings for IIS 63

Performance Tuning for File Servers 63

Selecting the Proper Hardware for Performance 63

Server Message Block Model 64

SMB Model Overview 64

SMB Configuration Considerations 65

Tuning Parameters for SMB File Servers 66

SMB Server Tuning Example 68

Services for NFS Model 68

Services for NFS Model Overview 68

Tuning Parameters for NFS Server 69

General Tuning Parameters for Client Computers 72

File Client Tuning Example 74

Performance Tuning for Active Directory Servers 75

Considerations for Read-Heavy Scenarios 76

Considerations for Write-Heavy Scenarios 76

Using Indexing to Improve Query Performance 77

Optimizing Trust Paths 77

Active Directory Performance Counters 77

Performance Tuning for Remote Desktop Session Host (formerly Terminal Server) 79

Selecting the Proper Hardware for Performance 79

CPU Configuration 79

Processor Architecture 80

Memory Configuration 80

Disk 80

Network 81



Tuning Applications for Remote Desktop Session Host 82

Remote Desktop Session Host Tuning Parameters 83

Pagefile 83

Antivirus and Antispyware 83

Task Scheduler 83

Desktop Notification Icons 84

Client Experience Settings 85

Desktop Size 87

Windows System Resource Manager 87

Performance Tuning for Remote Desktop Gateway 88

Monitoring and Data Collection 89

Performance Tuning for Virtualization Servers 89

Terminology 89

Hyper-V Architecture 91

Server Configuration 92

Hardware Selection 92

Server Core Installation Option 93

Dedicated Server Role 93

Guest Operating Systems 94

CPU Statistics 94

Processor Performance 95

VM Integration Services 95

Enlightened Guests 95

Virtual Processors 95

Background Activity 96

Weights and Reserves 96

Tuning NUMA Node Preference 97

Memory Performance 98

Enlightened Guests 98

Correct Memory Sizing for Child Partitions 98

Correct Memory Sizing for Root Partition 98

Storage I/O Performance 99

Synthetic SCSI Controller 99

Virtual Hard Disk Types 100

Passthrough Disks 100

Disabling File Last Access Time Check 101

Physical Disk Topology 101

I/O Balancer Controls 101

Network I/O Performance 102

Synthetic Network Adapter 102

Install Multiple Synthetic Network Adapters on Multiprocessor VMs 103

Offload Hardware 103

Network Switch Topology 103

Interrupt Affinity 104

VLAN Performance 104

VMQ 104


VM Chimney 104

Live Migration 104

Performance Tuning for File Server Workload (NetBench) 105

Registry Tuning Parameters for Servers 106

Registry Tuning Parameters for Client Computers 106

Performance Tuning for File Server Workload (SPECsfs2008) 107

Registry-Tuning Parameters for NFS Server 107

Performance Tuning for Network Workload (NTttcp) 108

Tuning for NTttcp 108

Network Adapter 108

TCP/IP Window Size 109

Receive-Side Scaling (RSS) 109

Tuning for IxChariot 109

Performance Tuning for Remote Desktop Services Knowledge Worker Workload 110

Recommended Tunings on the Server 111

Monitoring and Data Collection 113

Performance Tuning for SAP Sales and Distribution Two-Tier Workload 114

Operating System Tunings on the Server 114

Tunings on the Database Server 115

Tunings on the SAP Application Server 116

Monitoring and Data Collection 118

Performance Tuning for TPC-E Workload 118

Server Under Test (SUT) Tunings 118

SQL Server Tunings 120

Disk Storage Tunings 121

TPC-E Database Size and Layout 122

Client Systems Tunings 122

Monitoring and Data Collection 123

Resources 125


Windows Server® 2008 R2 performs well out of the box while consuming the least energy possible for most customer workloads. However, you might have business needs that are not met by using the default server settings. You might need the lowest possible energy consumption, or the lowest possible latency, or the maximum possible throughput on your server. This guide describes how you can further tune the server settings and obtain incremental performance or energy efficiency gains, especially when the nature of the workload varies little over time.

To have the most impact, your tuning changes should consider the hardware, the workload, the power budgets, and the performance goals of your server. This guide describes important tuning considerations and settings that can result in improved performance or energy efficiency. This guide describes each setting and its potential effect to help you make an informed decision about its relevance to your system, workload, performance, and energy usage goals.

Since the release of Windows Server 2008, customers have become increasingly concerned about energy efficiency in the datacenter. To address this need, Microsoft and its partners invested a large amount of engineering resources in developing and optimizing the features, algorithms, and settings in Windows Server 2008 R2 to maximize energy efficiency with minimal effects on performance. This paper describes energy consumption considerations for servers and provides guidelines for meeting your energy usage goals. Although “power consumption” is a more commonly used term, “energy consumption” is more accurate because power is an instantaneous measurement (Energy = Power *Time). Power companies typically charge datacenters for both the energy consumed (megawatt-hours) and the peak power draw required (megawatts).

Note: Registry settings and tuning parameters changed significantly from Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2008 to Windows Server 2008 R2. Be sure to use the latest tuning guidelines to avoid unexpected results.

As always, be careful when you directly manipulate the registry. If you must edit the registry, back it up before you make any changes.




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Performance Tuning Guidelines for Windows Server 2008 R2 October 15, 2010

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