121
GLOSSARIY
VII. BO`LIM
VII. GLOSSARIY
122
VII. GLOSSARIY
Termin
O'zbek tilidagi sharhi
Ingliz tilidagi
sharhi
background
process
Old tomonda amalga oshmaydigan
jarayon va xususiy jarayon deb ham
ataladi.
A process that is
not run in the
foreground. Also
called a detached
process
Berkeley UNIX
UNIXning asosiy versiyalarining
ikkisidan birisi. Berkeley UNIX
Berklidagi Kaliforniya Universitetida
tajriba kompyuter tizim guruhi ko‘pincha
BSD tomonidan yaratilgan
One of the two
major versions of
the UNIX
operating system.
Berkeley UNIX
wasdeveloped at
the University of
California at
Berkeley by the
Computer
SystemsResearch
Group and is
often referred to
as BSD(Berkeley
Software
Distribution).
boot
EPY operatsion tizim yadrodasidan
xotiraga ketma-ketlikda yuklov va
atrofdagilar yordamisiz ishlashni
boshlovchi jarayon
Еру incremental
process ofloading
an operating
system kernel
into memory and
starting it running
withoutany
outside
assistance.
Bourne Shell
(bash)
AT&T Bell laboratories da Stiv Bourn
tomonidanyaratilgan UNIX
buyruqjarayoni
sh. This UNIX
command
processor was
VII. GLOSSARIY
123
developed by
Steve Bourne at
AT&T
BellLaboratories.
CLI
Buyruq-satrinterfeysi
Command-line
interface
command
So‘roviga siz bergan javobingiz. shell ga
buyruq berganizda, u boshqa utilitni ishga
tushiradi, boshqa dasturni, yaratilgan
buyruq yoki shell skriptini
What you give
the shell in
response to a
prompt. When
you give the shell
a command,it
executes a utility,
another program,
a builtin
command, or a
shell script
terminal
Asosiy tizim terminali bo‘lib,
kompyuterga to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri
bog‘langan va tizim haqidagi xatoliklar
xabarini qabul qiladi. shu bilan birga
tizim konsoli va terminal konsolidir
The main system
terminal, usually
directly
connected to the
computer and the
onethat receives
system error
messages. Also
system console
and console
terminal
daemon
Amalga oshishi uchun ma‘lum bir
sharotni kutib harakatsiz turadi va
to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri ishda tushmaydigan
dastur
A program that is
not invoked
explicitly but lies
dormant, waiting
for some
condition(s) to
occur.
device
Bevosita kompyuterga bog‘lanadigan
saqlovchi disk, printer, terminal, plotter
yoki boshqa kiruvchi/chiquvchi
A disk drive,
printer, terminal,
plotter, or other
VII. GLOSSARIY
124
qurilmalar
input/output unit
that can
beattached to the
computer. Short
for peripheral
device
disk partition
Boshqa bo‘limlardan alohida
manzillashtish mumkin bo‘lgan, nomga
ega (qattiq) diskni bo‘limi
A section of a
(hard) disk that
has a name so
you can address it
separately
fromother
sections.
Ethernet
1000 mb/sek uzatmalarni amalga oshira
oladigan LAN ning turi
A type of
LANcapable of
transfer rates as
high as 1,000
megabits per
second.
file
Nom bilan eslab qolingan, bog‘langan
ma‘lumotlar to‘plami va tez-tez diskda
saqlanadi
A collection of
related
information
referred to with a
filename and
frequently
storedon a disk.
filesystem
Qoida bo‘yicha disk bo‘lagida
saqlanuvchi ma‘lumotlar strukturasi.
Linux ning barcha tizimlari ildiz fayl
tizimlari va ko‘plab boshqa fayl
tizimlariga ega
A data structure
that usually
resides on part of
a disk. All Linux
systemshave a
root filesystem,
and many have
other filesystems
frame
Fizik muhit talab qiluvchi bosh hamda
bog‘lovchi ma‘lumotlarni qo‘shimcha
ravishda saqlab kanal darajasidagi paket
A data link layer
packet that
contains, in
addition to data,
VII. GLOSSARIY
125
the header and
trailerinformation
required by the
physical medium.
graphical
userinterface
(GUI)
Foydalanuvchi grafik interfeysi. GUI
kompyuter tizimi bilan buyruqlar satriga
yozmasdan, ekran displeyida yaratilgan,
o‘zgartirish fotorasm yoki menyudagi
elementni tanlaganda aloqani amalga
oshirishni ta‘minlaydi.
Graphical user
interface. A GUI
provides a way to
interact with a
computer
systemby
choosing items
from menus
ormanipulating
pictures drawn on
a display
screeninstead of
by typing
command lines.
history
Oxirgi buyruqni qayta amalga oshirishga
va o‘zgartirish imkon beradigan mehanik
muhit
A shell
mechanism that
enables you to
modify and
reexecute recent
commands
input
Terminaldan yoki boshqa fayldan
dasturga keladigan ma‘lumot
Information that
is fed to a
program from a
terminal or other
file
kernel
OT bo‘lagi bo‘lib, mashina resurslarini
ya‘ni xotira, disk muhitini hamda
markaziy prosessor sikllarini
kompyuterda ishlovchi boshqa dasturlar
uchun taqsimlash
The part of the
operating system
that allocates
machine
resources,
including
memory,disk
space, and CPU
cycles, to all
VII. GLOSSARIY
126
other programs
that run on a
computer.
LAN
Lokal tarmoq. Lokal hududdagi
kompyuterlarni birlashtiruvchi tarmoq
Local area
network. A
network that
connects
computers within
a localized
area(such as a
single site,
building, or
department).
link
Faylga ko‘rsatuvchi. ikki xil bog‘lovchi
mavjud bo‘lib: qattiq bog‘lanish va
simvolli bog‘lanish
A pointer to a
file. Two kinds of
links exist: hard
links and
symboliclinks
also called soft
links
log in
Kompyuter tizimiga ruxsatni olish uchun
login va mahfiy kalitga to‘g‘ri javob
berish lozim
To gain access to
a computer
system by
responding
correctly to the
login: and
Password:
prompts.
log out
Muhit chiqish orqali seansni tugatish. Shu
bilan birga tizimdan chiqish
To end your
session by exiting
from your login
shell. Also log
off.
metadata
Ma‘lumot haqidagi ma‘lumot
Data about data.
mount
Tizim foydalanuvchilar uchun fayl
tizimga kirish ruxsatnomasini qilish
To make a
filesystem
accessible to
system users.
VII. GLOSSARIY
127
networkaddress
IP-manzil tarmoq qismi. A sinf tarmoqlari
uchun bu IP-manzilning birinchi bayt
yoki segment, B sinf tarmoqlari uchun
birinchi ikki bayt va C sinf uchun birinchi
uch bayt
The network
portion (netid) of
an IP address.
For a class A
network, it is the
firstbyte, or
segment, of the
IP address; for a
class B network,
it is the first two
bytes; andfor a
class C network,
it is the first three
bytes.
output
Terminal yoki boshqa faylga dastur
jo‘natayotganlik haqidagi ma‘lumot
Information that
a program sends
to the terminal or
another file.
packet
Tarmoq orqali jo‘natilgan ma‘lumotlar
blogi
A unit of data
sent across a
network.
PID
Qoida bo‘yicha so‘z sonlari bo‘yicha
identifikatsiya qilish jarayoni. Har bir
jarayonni ishga tushirishdagidek Linux
nodir PID nomerni yuklab oladi
Process
identification,
usually followed
by the word
number. Linux
assigns a
uniquePID
number as each
process is
initiated
port
Tizim tarmoq kanali mantiqiy kanal yoki
kanal oxirgi nuqtasi
A logical channel
or channel
endpoint in a
communications
system.
process
Linux buyruqlari amalga oshishi
The execution of
a command by
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128
Linux
regularexpression
Bir yoki bir nechta satrni aniqlovchi,
harflardan, raqam yoki maxsus
simvollardan tarkib topgan holat-satri
A string—
composed of
letters, numbers,
and special
symbols—that
defines one
ormore strings.
server
So‘rovlari bo‘yicha mijozlarga taqdim
qilinadigan ma‘lumot uchun
foydalaniladigan markaziy kuchli
kompyuter
A powerful
centralized
computer (or
program)
designed to
provide
information
toclients (smaller
computers or
programs) on
request.
shell
Linux tizim jarayon buyruqlari
A Linux system
command
processor.
swap
Operativ xotiradan diskka o‘tish jarayon
yoki aksincha
The operating
system moving a
process from
main memory to
a disk, or vice
versa.
TCP
Uzatuvni boshqarish protokoli
Transmission
Control Protocol
TTY
Teletayp. UNIX da birinchi ishga
tushuvchi terminal qurilma
Teletypewriter.
The terminal
device that UNIX
was first run
from.
UID
Foydalanuvchi identifikatori.
Foydalanuvchi nomi bilan bog‘liq bo‘lgan
mahfiy kalitlar MB soni
User ID. A
number that the
passwd database
129
associates with a
username.
username
Login talab qiluvchi nom
The name you
enter in response
to the login:
prompt.
utility
Linux standart bo‘lagi sifatida qo‘shilgan
dastur
A program
included as a
standard part of
Linux.
VPN
Virtual shaxsiy tarmoq
Virtual private
network.
window
Aniq bir dastur boshqarilayotgan yoki
ishlayotgan ekrandagi o‘rin
On a display
screen, a region
that runs or is
controlled by a
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