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Hinari access to Research Initiative gateway (hinari)
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| Sana | 22.03.2020 | | Hajmi | 241.5 Kb. | | #8362 |
HINARI Access to Research Initiative gateway (HINARI)
MODULE 1.1: PROGRAM OVERVIEW/
BASIC INTERNET CONCEPTS
Introduction to the Internet
This workbook accompanies the PowerPoint presentation intended to introduce you to Basic Internet concepts. The workbook will guide you through exercises while connected to the Internet.
The development of the revised version of the HINARI training course is a joint project of HINARI, WHO and the Information Training and Outreach Centre for Africa (ITOCA). It is partially funded by the 2007 Elsevier Training Program grant to the (U.S.) Medical Library Association/Librarians Without Borders.
Table of Contents – Module 1.1:
Overview HINARI/AGORA/OARE
Basic Internet Concepts
Structure of the Internet
Common Internet Protocols
Module objectives
The 1st module will introduce you to Basic Internet concepts. It contains a series of exercises of skills necessary for efficient use Internet. While some of the material may seem elementary, the goal is to insure that all of the course participants have the same level of baseline skills. You will need access to the Internet to complete the exercises.
A Network of Information Networks
The Internet is a worldwide system of interconnected computer networks. The computers and computer networks exchange information using TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) to communicate with each other. The computers are connected via the telecommunications networks, and the Internet can be used for e-mailing, transferring files and accessing information on the World Wide Web (WWW). The Internet is easily accessible via modem and phone line, ISDN, direct cable/landline or satellite. Regarding the delivery of information, the Internet is the most significant development since the printing press in the 15th century.
Examples of information networks connected by the Internet include those of libraries, hospitals, research centres, government departments and universities. For example the WHO Library is an international organisation with an internet address http://www.who.int/library/. Similarly, the three interrelated e-journal programs have Internet addresses:
HINARI - http://www.who.int/hinari/en/, AGORA - http://www.aginternetwork.org/en
OARE - http://www.oaresciences.org/en
In the first exercise, you will access these three programs and answer several questions but, first, read the remaining text of the Internet Concepts section.
Development
The Internet was initially developed to allow computers to share scientific and military information and was known as ARPANET in the late 1960s. Further development was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in the 1980s to develop internet communications to link several university computing departments. In 1989 Tim Berners-Lee and others working at CERN (Switzerland) proposed a new communications protocol for information transfer. This technology was based on a hypertext system and lead to the development of the World Wide Web in the 1990s.
The World Wide Web (WWW)
The World Wide Web is a system of internet servers that use HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to transfer documents formatted in HTML (Hypertext Mark-up Language). These are viewed by using software for web browsers such as Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox. Hypertext enables a document to be connected to other documents on the web through hyperlinks and makes it possible to move from one document to another via these links. In other words, the ‘client’ computer tells the remote ‘server’ (computer with the information) what information is wanted and the ‘server’ sends the material back to the ‘client’.
Regarding health information, the following types of information can be found on the WWW: electronic journals, online books, bibliographic databases, subject related gateways, reports and grey literature (ngo and public sector publications), individual and organizations’ websites, reference resources and news sources.
The URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the global address of documents and other resources on the web e.g. http://www.who.int. The first part of the address indicates which protocol to use e.g. http. The second part of the address identifies the domain name or the internet address where the information is located.
The address bar is the toolbar displayed at the top of the screen when you open the internet browser.
In this series of exercises, you will enter various WHO websites, an excellent source for relevant, Internet-based resources.
Exercise 1
Connect to the Internet and open your internet browser.
Type (or copy/paste) http://www.who.int/library/ into the address box in the toolbar at the top of the screen, Click on “GO” or hit the Return key
The home page of the WHO Library should open.
Now type (or copy/paste) http://www.who.int into the address box.
Click on “GO” or hit the Return key
The WHO website will open.
Briefly describe the different material that is on the initial page of the WHO and WHO Library websites.
For the WHO website, what other languages is the text available in?
(note: you must click on each language symbol to check)
For the WHO website, list the abbreviations of the WHO regional library offices.
Exercise 2
From the WHO home page ( http://www.who.int ), click on Publications, from Journals column, go to the site of the Bulletin of the World Health Organization
Go to the current issue of the Bulletin and choose an article from the table of contents
Find the archive of past issues for the Bulletin of the World Health Organization
Access a volume from 2005. Choose an issue and access a full text article from the table of contents
List the citation (author, title, volume, issue and pages) of an article that would be of interest to you
Exercise 3
From the WHO publications page ( http://www.who.int/publications/en/ ), choose the Weekly Epidemiological Record
Go to the latest WER. What is the publication date of the last WER?
From the last issue, list the citation (author, title, volume, issue and pages) of an article that would be of interest to you
Go back to the WHO publications page (http://www.who.int/publications/en/ and click on the World Health Report (right column - bottom)
Would this information be of use to you or people at your institutions?
Go to a previous year’s World Health Report (bottom of the page), scroll down this page and view the Statistical Annex (not available for the current publication year). What statistics would be of use to you?
Navigating web pages
  
Most web pages contain links to further information or other web pages. Often these links are highlighted in a different colour and may be underlined. Links can also be displayed as pictures or graphics. You will notice that as you move the mouse cursor over a link the cursor changes to a hand shape. If you select the link by clicking on it you will be taken to a new web page.
You can navigate backwards and forwards to web pages that you have visited by using the Back and Forward arrows on the toolbar. There may also be navigation buttons or links running across the top and down the left-hand side of the web page you have visited. The house icon on the shortcut toolbar will take you back to the default home page of the browser.
Exercise 4
Open the WHO website ( http://www.who.int ) and initially click on Data and Statistics menu in the left frame; then go to WHOSIS – the WHO Statistical Information System ( http://www.who.int/research/en/ )
Go to ‘Quick Search/Show all indicators’ for a selected country. Click in the box of a country or countries that you would like to select; then, click on create table to locate the statistics
What information would be of interest to you or someone at your institution?
Exercise 5
Open the WHO Library ( http://www.who.int/library/ ) and initially click on the Databases menu in the left frame; then go to ACCESS WHOLIS – the Library and Information Networks for Knowledge Database
From the WHOLIS Search page, enter Meningococcal Vaccines in the word or phrase line and click on Search
How many records are in the WHOLIS database for this search?
Note that most of the current records have a Full Text Link for the specific article
Access a record with full text about Meningococcal Vaccines
Return to the Search page and, in the word or phrase line, search for hospital infections
How many records are in the WHOLIS database for this search and how many have a Full Text Link?
Would either of these keyword searches have material that would be of interest in your institution?
This is the end of module 1.1
Updated 06 2009
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