Dastur natijasi
5.12. Binar daraxtni vizuallashtirish
Binar daraxtni ko‘rikdan o‘tkazayotganda biz yuqorida har bir tugunni o‘ngida va chapida turgan tugunlarni so‘z bilan ifodaladik. Lekin bu usul bir muncha noqulay. Daraxtni vizual ko‘rinishda ifodalash uni anglashning juda qulay usuli hisoblanadi. Daraxtni vizuallashtirishning grafik ko‘rinishi va konsol oynasida ifodalash kabi turlari mavjud. Shundan konsol oynasida daraxtni vizuallashtirishni ko‘rib chiqamiz. Bunda sonlar daraxt shaklida joylashtiriladi. Quyida bunday usulning dastur kodi keltirilgan.
void vizual(node *tree,int l)
{ int i;
if(tree!=NULL) {
vizual(tree->right,l+1);
for (i=1; i<=l; i++) cout<<" ";
cout
vizual(tree->left,l+1);
}
}
Dastur kodi quyidagi 5.10 a-rasmdagi daraxtni konsol ekranida 5.10 b-rasm ko‘rinishda ifodalaydi.
a. b.
5.10-rasm. a - binar daraxt; b - binar daraxtning ekranda namoyon bo‘lishi
Yuqorida keltirilgan bir nechta algoritmlarni qo‘llab bitta misol ko‘rib chiqamiz.
Misol: berilgan binar daraxtning balandligini aniqlang va muvozanatlang.
Dastur kodi
#include
#include
using namespace std;
class node{
public: int info;
node *left;
node *right;
};
int k=0;
int intrave(node *tree){
if (tree!=NULL){int a=NULL, b=NULL;
if (tree->left!=NULL){ a=tree->left->info; }
if (tree->right!=NULL){ b=tree->right->info; }
cout"<"<
intrave(tree->left);
intrave(tree->right); }
return 0;
}
int height(node *tree){
int h1,h2;
if (tree==NULL) return (-1);
else {
h1 = height(tree->left);
h2 = height(tree->right);
if (h1>h2) return (1 + h1);
else return (1 + h2);
}
}
int create_arr(node *tree,int *arr){
if(!tree) return 0;
else{
create_arr(tree->left,arr);
arr[k++]=tree->info;
create_arr(tree->right,arr);
}
}
node *new_tree(int *arr, int start, int end)
{
if(start>end) return NULL;
else {
int mid=(start+end)/2;
node *tree=new node;
tree->info=arr[mid];
tree->left=new_tree(arr,start,mid-1);
tree->right=new_tree(arr,mid+1,end);
return tree;
}
}
void vizual(node *tree,int l)
{ int i;
if(tree!=NULL) {
vizual(tree->right,l+1);
for (i=1; i<=l; i++) cout<<" ";
cout
vizual(tree->left,l+1);
}
}
int main()
{ int n,key,s; node *tree=NULL,*next=NULL;
cout<<"n="; cin>>n; int arr[n];
for(int i=0; i
node *p=new node;
node *last=new node;
cin>>s;
p->info=s;
p->left=NULL;
p->right=NULL;
if(i==0){tree=p; next=tree; continue; }
next=tree;
while(1)
{ last=next;
if(p->infoinfo)next=next->left;
else next=next->right;
if(next==NULL)break; }
if(p->infoinfo)last->left=p;
else last->right=p;}
cout<
intrave(tree);
cout<<"\nya'ni\n";
vizual(tree,0);
int h=height(tree);
cout<<"balandligi="<
create_arr(tree,arr);
for(int i=0;i
tree=new_tree(arr,0,k-1);
vizual(tree,0);
getch();
}
Dastur natijasi
Ishni bajarishga namuna
Topshiriq variantlariga o‘xshash bitta misolning algoritmi va to‘liq dasturini ko‘rib chiqaylik.
Misol: berilgan binar daraxtdan ko‘rsatilgan key kalitga mos tugunni o‘chirish dasturini tuzing.
Algoritm
Asosiy dastur tanasi - int main()
i=0; n – daraxtga kiritiladigan elementlar sonini aniqlash. Daraxt ildizi ko‘rsatkichi tree=NULL. Next yangi elementni joylashtiradigan shoxga o‘tishda ishlatiladi va last next dan 1 qadam orqada yuradi.
Agar i bo‘lsa, daraxtga kiritiladigan navbatdagi elementga qiymat kiritish va uni yangi p element info maydoniga yozish, left va right maydonlarga NULL yozish. Aks holda 8-qadamga o‘tish.
Agar tree=NULL bo‘lsa, p ni daraxt ildizi qilish, ya’ni tree=p va next=last=p.
Agar p->info next->info dan kichik bo‘lsa, chap shoxga o‘tish kerak, ya’ni last=next va next=next->left, aks holda o‘ng shoxga o‘tamiz, ya’ni last=next va next=next->right.
Agar next=NULL bo‘lsa, 6-qadamga o‘tish, aks holda 4-qadamga o‘tish.
Agar p->infoinfo bo‘lsa, last->left=p, aks holda last->right=p.
i++, 2-qadamga o‘tish.
intrave(tree) funksiyasini ishlatish.
Key kalitga mos elementni daraxtdan o‘chiradigan del(tree,key) funksiyasini ishlatish.
Natijaviy daraxtni ko‘rikdan o‘tkazish uchun intrave(tree) funksiyasini ishlatish va algoritmni yakunlash.
intrave(tree) funksiyasining ishlash algoritmi
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