259
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
3
CHAPTER 1. MAIN CONCEPTS OF FUNDAMEN-
TALS
AND
TECHNICAL
MEANS
OF
AUTOMATION
6
1.1.
Concept of controlled parameters of automation
6
1.2.
Elements of automation and their basic parameters
7
CHAPTER 2. AUTOMATION SENSORS
12
2.1.
Concepts of automation sensors and their classification
12
2.2.
Basic parameters of sensors
14
2.3.
Resistive sensors
16
2.3.1
Potentiometric sensors
16
2.3.2. Angular (contact) sensors
18
2.3.3. Tensometric sensor
19
2.4.
Electromagnetic and capacitance sensors
20
2.4.1.
Inductive and differential transformer sensors
20
2.4.2.
Magneto-elastic transducer and Hall elements
23
2.4.3.
Capacitance sensors and their application
24
2.5.
Temperature sensors
26
2.5.1
Liquid sensors
27
2.5.2. Dilatometric and bimetallic sensors
28
2.5.3. Manometric sensors
30
2.5.4. Thermoresistance
31
2.6.
Level, pressure, flow and angular rate sensors
31
2.6.1. Level sensors and how they work
35
2.6.2. Pressure sensors
37
2.6.3. Flow sensor
39
2.6.4. Angular rate sensors
41
2.7.
Self-generating transducer
41
2.7.1. Inductive sensors
42
2.7.2.
Photoelectric sensors
43
2.7.2.1. Photoresistor
44
2.7.2.2. Photosensitive diode
45
2.7.2.3. Optoelectronic sensors
46
2.7.3. Piezoelectric sensors
48
2.7.4.
Thermoelectric (thermocouples) sensor
50
