Country
MUX DVB standard
Start ASO
DVB-T
DVB-T2
Macedonia
7
MPEG-4
–
2004 2013
Netherlands
5
MPEG-2
–
1998 2006
Norway
5
MPEG-4
–
1999 2009
Poland
3
MPEG-4
–
2001 2013
Portugal
1
MPEG-4
–
2009 2012
Slovakia
4
MPEG-2, MPEG-4
MPEG-4 tests
2009 2012
Slovenia
2
MPEG-4
–
2001 2010
Spain
8
MPEG-2, MPEG-4
–
1999 2010
Sweden
7
MPEG-2, MPEG-4
MPEG-4
1999 2007
Switzerland
4
MPEG-2
–
2000. 2008
United
Kingdom
6
MPEG-2
MPEG-4 for HD
1998. 2012
Albania
10
MPEG-2, MPEG-4
MPEG-4 for HD
2004 –
Belarus
3
MPEG-4
MPEG-4 for pay TV
2004 –
Greece
8
MPEG-2, MPEG-4
–
2006 2015
Iceland
3
MPEG-2
MPEG-4
2005 2015
Moldova
2
MPEG-4
MPEG-4
2003 2015
Montenegro
1
MPEG-4
MPEG-4
2014 2015
Romania
3
MPEG-4
MPEG-4
adopted
2005 2015
Russia
2
–
MPEG-4
2005 –
Serbia
1
–
MPEG-4
2005 2015
Turkey
1
–
MPEG-4
2006 –
Ukraine
4
–
MPEG-4
2007 –
Table 7. Video compression standards of digital terrestrial TV transmission in Europe.
From
Table 2, it can be seen that countries that have moved completely to digital broadcasting
mainly used DVB-T standard, or used in parallel and DVB-T2, while countries that are
transitioning to digital transmission opted for the DVB-T2 standard. A small number of
countries using DVB-T standard include MPEG-2 compression, mainly for free-to-air (FTA).
Compression standard MPEG-4,
due to savings in capacity, mainly used for encrypted
channels, i.e., pay TV and HDTV. An increasing number of countries that use the DVB-T
standard are planning to in the near future switch to an enhanced DVB-T2 standard.
6. Application of compression standards for UHDTV
6.1. 4K UHDTV via satellite
Number of UHD content is not large, but their number is growing rapidly. Many cameras are
now able to record materials and above 4K resolution, such as RED Epic camera which can
Implementation of Video Compression Standards in Digital Television
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/64833
213
record approximately 5K resolution or 5120 × 2700 pixels, as well as the Sony F65 8K camera
recording at a resolution of 8192 × 4320 pixels. The first 4K UHD facilities were available over
broadband services (Netflix and YouTube) to 2013 and in 2014 started the first experimental
TV channels that broadcast 4K UHD controversial content. Sporting events in 2012, 2013 and
2014 were the first UHD content broadcast via satellite. Pioneers in the distribution of 4K
UHDTV are the Japanese public broadcaster NHK and KBS Korean TV [24]. The leading
satellite companies took part in the distribution of UHD Eutelsat, SES Astra, Measat, Eutelsat,
and Hispasat. Although in tests carried out with video H.264/AVC, HEVC is mainly used today.
Table 8 [25] provides an overview of the number of SDTV, HDTV and 4K UHDTV that may
be received from the satellite to the various transmission parameters.
Satellite transmission
Carrier data rate
(Mbps)
Number of channels
SDTV (p25/p30) HDTV (p25/p30) 4K UHDTV (p50/p60)
DVB-S, QPSK, FEC 3/4
38
4–5 in MPEG-2 4–5 in MPEG-4 –
DVB-S2, 8PSK, FEC 5/6
72
24 + in MPEG-4 7–9 in MPEG-4
14–18 in HEVC
2–5 in HEVC
DVB-S2, 16APSK, FEC 2/3
79
–
7–9 in MPEG-4
15–19 in HEVC
1 in MPEG-4
3–5 in HEVC
DVB-S2X, 16APSK, FEC 3/4
83
–
8–10 in MPEG-4
16–20 in HEVC
1 in MPEG-4
3–5 in HEVC
DVB-S2X, 16APSK, FEC 135/180 99
–
9–12 in MPEG-4
19–24 in HEVC
1 in MPEG-4
3–6 in HEVC
