record approximately 5K resolution or 5120 × 2700 pixels, as well as the Sony F65 8K camera
recording at a resolution of 8192 × 4320 pixels. The first 4K UHD facilities were available over
broadband services (Netflix and YouTube) to 2013 and in 2014 started the first experimental
TV channels that broadcast 4K UHD controversial content. Sporting events in 2012, 2013 and
2014 were the first UHD content broadcast via satellite. Pioneers in the distribution of 4K
UHDTV are the Japanese public broadcaster NHK and KBS Korean TV [24]. The leading
satellite companies took part in the distribution of UHD Eutelsat, SES Astra, Measat, Eutelsat,
and Hispasat. Although in tests carried out with video H.264/AVC, HEVC is mainly used today.
Table 8 [25] provides an overview of the number of SDTV, HDTV and 4K UHDTV that may
be received from the satellite to the various transmission parameters.
Satellite transmission
Carrier data rate
(Mbps)
Number of channels
SDTV (p25/p30) HDTV (p25/p30) 4K UHDTV (p50/p60)
DVB-S, QPSK, FEC 3/4
38
4–5 in MPEG-2 4–5 in MPEG-4 –
DVB-S2, 8PSK, FEC 5/6
72
24 + in MPEG-4 7–9 in MPEG-4
14–18 in HEVC
2–5 in HEVC
DVB-S2, 16APSK, FEC 2/3
79
–
7–9 in MPEG-4
15–19 in HEVC
1 in MPEG-4
3–5 in HEVC
DVB-S2X, 16APSK, FEC 3/4
83
–
8–10 in MPEG-4
16–20 in HEVC
1 in MPEG-4
3–5 in HEVC
DVB-S2X, 16APSK, FEC 135/180 99
–
9–12 in MPEG-4
19–24 in HEVC
1 in MPEG-4
3–6 in HEVC