The data structure in H.265/HEVC standard




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4.2. The data structure in H.265/HEVC standard
H.265/HEVC is a hybrid video coding algorithm based on blocks. The basic coding algorithm
is a hybrid of intraprediction, interprediction and transformational coding. For representation
of a color video signal, H.265/HEVC standard uses YCbCr color space in format 4:2:0. Each
sample of the individual components of the color space is represented with a resolution of 8–
10 bits per sample, in coding and decoding. Video image is progressively scanned in a
rectangular format dimensions W × H, where W represents a width, H height of the image for
the luma component. Chrominance components for color format 4:2:0 are scanned in a
rectangular format dimensions W/2 × H/2 [17, 18].
H.265/HEVC standard has kept hybrid architecture of previous coding MPEG standard for
video encoding. A significant difference in approach lies in the fact that the previous H
standards—video coding are based on macroblocks, H.265/HEVC standard for encoding uses
the adaptive quadtree structure based on Coding Tree Unit (CTU). Basically, the quadtree
structure is composed of various blocks and units.
A block is defined as a matrix of samples of different sizes, while the unit includes a luma block
and corresponding chrominance blocks together with the syntax necessary for their coding.
With the further division of structure coding units are obtained and also the coding blocks.
Implementation of Video Compression Standards in Digital Television
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/64833
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Decoding of quadtree structure does not represent a significant additional burden because it
can easily be switch into a hierarchical structure by using z-scan. Predictable modes for
interframe encoded CU are using non-square PU, which requires the necessary support for
decoding in the form of additional logic in the decoder which performs multiple conversions
between the raster scan, and the scan-scan. In terms of preserving the speed of bit rates, with
the encoder side, there is a simple algorithm to analyze the structure of the tree to determine
the optimal share of the blocks [7]. CTU sizes are 16 × 16, 32 × 32 and 64 × 64 pixels.

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