representing a video object plane (VOP) [2, 13, 14]. Time samples of video object are grouped
into group of video object planes (GOV).
3.3. MPEG-4.10 (H.264/AVC) standard
Previous video coding standards such as MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 Part 2 have been established
and are used in the areas of videoconferencing over mobile TV and broadcasting TV content
in standard/high definition, up to the application of very high quality, such as applications for
professional digital video recorders and digital cinema—digital images on the big screen. But
with the spread of digital video applications and its use in new applications such as advanced
mobile TV or broadcast HDTV signal, requirements for effective representation of the video
image are increased to the point where the previous standards for video coding cannot keep
pace.
The new MPEG-4 Part 10 (MPEG-4.10) standard of video compression is the result of efforts
of the Joint Video Team (JVT), which includes members of the Video Coding Expert Group
(VCEG) and the Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG), which is the reason for naming it twice
(H.264 and MPEG-4.10). Standard is also commonly referred to as H.264/Advanced Video
Coding (AVC).
This standard, registered under the number ISO-IEC14496-10, provides
a significant increase
in compression efficiency in regard to MPEG-2 (gain of at least 50%) [12]. This efficiency is of
particular importance for high-definition television (HDTV), which in the MPEG-2 requires a
bit rate of at least 15–18 Mb/s.
H.264 showed significant improvement
in coding efficiency, a significant improvement when
it comes to resistance to errors, as well as increased flexibility and area of use compared to their
predecessors. A change was added in the MPEG-4.10 (H.264/AVC), the so-called FRExt (FREkt)
amendment, which further extended the area of use to areas such as mobile TV,
internet
broadcasting, distribution and professional studio and postproduction [15].
Table 4 [16] shows
the usage scenarios and compression in bits supplied with the H.264 codec, and
Table 5 [16]
shows the characteristics of the H.264 standard level.
