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Contactless Technologies for Smart Cities: Big Data, IoT, and Cloud InfrastructuresBog'liq asosiy 2 MTA Majmua(2021), 1, 4-Karno kartadan foydalanib mantiqiy ifodalarni minimallash, Kalendar reja algoritm, Ishchi dastur(Dasturlash I) 24.11.2021, 1 -amaliyot, 4-Lab, Yurtimiz mustaqillikga erishishidan oldin milliy urf odat, 7-8-mavzuDT larni sertifikatlashtirish, Axborotlarni izlash va ajratib olish fanidan mustaqil ish Mavzu, Abdulla Oripov O\'zbekiston (qasida), 2 lab Yarashov Diyorbek, TATU NF Hemis axborot tizimi, Algo 1-299, prezentatsiyaContactless Technology (CT)
With the advent of COVID-19, CT, or Touchless Technol-
ogies have become the new normal. The pandemic uncer-
tainty has affected everyone around the world. The need
for innovations and new technologies has been increas-
ingly requiring for more human and artificial intelligence
(AI) collaboration. Organizations are already adopting
new concepts using AI, robotic process automation (RPI),
cloud-based systems, and other automation technologies to
promote their business and combat the pandemic-induced
impacts [
30
,
31
].
Technologies like big data, IoT, AI, radio-frequency
identification (RFID), near-field communication (NFC),
machine to machine (M2M), MIkron FARE Collection Sys-
tem (MiFare)/DESFire RFID reader, etc. are few of the CTs
assisting people. Thus, BIC schemes must be investigated
before their adoption in more future applications. The men-
tioned CT can create opportunities for scientific advance-
ments, improve task proficiency, and provide profitability
benefits [
8
]. AI leverages human intelligence concepts to
allow machines execute complicated tasks, IoT consists of
interconnected physical devices featuring sensors, using
software, and other wired or wireless technologies, and
big data consists of complex and extremely large data sets
generated from consumer devices, industrial components,
automobiles, etc. Consequently, BIC technology works in
an orchestrated manner leading to many innovations [
21
,
32
,
33
]. The connecting links between these three technologies
are given below.
Big Data and Cloud Computing
Cloud assisted data analytics are crucial for the constantly
growing data-centric era. For every instant that passes, large
amounts of data are generated from embedded mobile devices,
electronic gadgets, and computing resources. Such data are
stored in local servers if instant access is required, while con-
fidential data are stored in secured private cloud databases
utilizing essential safety and security countermeasures. The
data can be retrieved or accessed from remote locations by
authorized users leveraging the appropriate remote connection
frameworks [
15
,
20
,
34
]. Thus, a suitable big data analytics
tools are necessary for the management and effective handling
of cloud data introducing the need for analytics as a service
(AaaS) platforms.
Multiple licensed cloud service providers like AWS, Ten-
sorFlow, Hadoop, and private data analytic cloud-based ven-
tures provide customized application programming interfaces
(API) for their users depending on their needs. Private com-
panies involved in this field provide 24/7 network assistance
to their consumers. Typical examples of applications and user
groups requiring data assistance services and/or remote cloud
support are demonstrated in Fig.
2
. Other trust-based cloud
service providers also exist for applications including govern-
ment databases, military, and national security purposes, etc.
[
29
]. Such features illustrate the advantages of cloud-based
big data analytics, emphasize their importance, and present
the diverse usages of cloud infrastructures.
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