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Content introduction 4 chapter I. The development of past tense forms in the english language
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| bet | 5/13 | | Sana | 01.05.2023 | | Hajmi | 62.11 Kb. | | #55474 |
Bog'liq Eldorni ishi namuna РАСУЛОВА М, Raxmatova Shaxsanam, Suyuqlikning muvozanatlik va harakat tenglamasi Reja, Iste\'molchilar yulduz va uchburchak shakllarda ulash, 39927, hyjhgj, F.Shubert ijodi, Mavzu O’zgarmas to’k dvigatellari va turlari ishlash prinsplari, Saparova Gulsanam , 4. Uglevodlar , Atsiklovir - Vikipediya, Kalendar reja, Zebo, Автокредит Полиси 149Symbolic (as per WR Model)
The dual route is considered symbolic in approach, as the symbols and representations are distinct as compared to the single route connectionist approach wherein the matrix of weights represents the information in a distributed way, which is similar for all the inputs [13, p. 347-374]. The symbolic route is insensitive to the phonological structure of the word and applies the general rule (“ed”) in case of regulars. “The regular route is symbolic because it is impervious to the phonological content of the particular word stem: It simply adds an /ed/ to whatever word it encounters. The irregular route, in contrast, needs to pay attention to the phonological content of the word stem in order to identify whether the current word is a candidate for irregular inflection. Rather than applying a rule, it associates that particular word stem with its irregular past tense form.” Analogy can be derived from symbolic systems in AI as they are rules and logic based as well. In the WR model, the words are the symbols.
Distributive Viewpoint (as per Connectionist viewpoint)
As opposed to Pinker’s theory (which emphasised on word / symbol manipulations at large), connectionist models propose that not whole words / symbols undergo manipulations, rather a select constituent phonemes within those words undergo manipulations based on weights assigned to them. Thus, past tense formation is more of a distributive process rather than symbolic, as distributively weighted constituent phonemes undergo change to form a past tense, and not whole words or symbols. The learning process is influenced by associations in the Wickelfeature properties e.g. a combination like /eep/ is associated with /ept/ getting us crept, slept, kept for creep, sleep and keep.
Innate (as per WR Model)
Innatism is a philosophical and epistemological doctrine that holds that the mind is born with ideas/knowledge, and that therefore the mind is not a “blank slate” at birth. The Words and Rules (WR) theory claims that the regular–irregular distinction is an epiphenomenon of the design of the human language faculty, in particular, the distinction between lexicon and grammar made in most traditional theories of language. (Pinker and Ullman, 2002) Examples: run and runn-ed, hold and hold-ed; where the irregular forms are ran and held. (Connectionists claimed that robust generalization depends on regular forms constituting the majority of forms in the child’s input) However,the onset and rate of overregularization errors in children do not correlate with changes in the number or proportion of regular verbs used by parents.
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