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Figure 2: Surfing the Internet with Windows-based Navigation Tools
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| bet | 4/27 | | Sana | 19.03.2017 | | Hajmi | 3.19 Mb. | | #225 |
Figure 2: Surfing the Internet with Windows-based Navigation Tools
The Internet model facilitates worldwide access to a wealth of information from virtually all modern operating systems. Users are required to establish a connection to the infrastructure (generally via a service provider), and then acquire the appropriate tools before they can begin to “surf the infostructure”.
Services Available on The Internet
I classify the primary interactive services available on the Internet into three categories: simple messaging, file transfer, and information discovery and retrieval. (This section may read a little “dry” but identifies some terms and trends while providing the necessary foundation for opportunity exploration. If you are familiar with these capabilities, jump to page 9).
Simple Messaging
E-mail: familiar to us all, two basic protocols deliver mail to the millions of users on the Internet: SMTP2 is used primarily as the mail routing and delivery protocol. POP3 is a relatively new protocol generally used by individual users (e.g., users with non-permanent Internet connections) to download their mail to and from a connected SMTP store. POP is used in a fashion similar to the Microsoft campus Xenix mail protocol. Rich document embedding (graphics, sound, etc) is facilitated by MIME4, basic binary file transfers are often facilitated by ASCII encoding of the binary files (uuencoding).
Apart from typical person-to-person messaging, a valuable use of e-mail not unique to the Internet is the use of global technical and discussion aliases. Such aliases are frequently used to facilitate international discussion or to hold “electronic meetings” at very low cost both within global organizations as well as between them. Much of the work done by the TCP/IP networking team involves the communication of ideas and information over several global e-mail aliases, some of which are “cross posted” to Usenet as well (see discussion below). As these global discussion aliases are maintained by individual sites, there is no telling how many of them there are. Most predictions indicate the number of these aliases is in the 10s of thousands given the traffic patterns measured on the NSFNet (figure 7) relative to the Internet user base. Microsoft offers SMTP mail connectivity via a MS-DOS based gateway product, but no direct SMTP or POP access from the MS-Mail client. Several third parties offer SMTP and POP-based mail clients for MS-DOS and/or Windows, generally with their TCP/IP product offerings.
Usenet: Usenet is a distributed public bulletin board system consisting of over 6,000 different professional, technical and recreational discussion groups (more commonly, “newsgroups”). The topics include everything from aeronautics(sci.space.aeronautics) to computer programming (comp.sys.win32. programming) to geology(sci.geo.geology) to zymurgy(rec.crafts.brewing). The groups are organized using a hierarchical naming scheme designed to provide additional context for the nature of discussion. Administrators may filter which newsgroups will be carried locally and may choose to add local which will only be exchanged with other consenting sites. Global newsgroups are created by a public electronic nomination and election process.
NNTP5is used to transfer messages between the news servers scattered around the Internet, as well as to deliver the messages to the “newsreader” client application software. Many Microsoft employees are familiar with a set of these discussion groups offered via hexnut, wingnut, BBS1 and BBS2 ITG services. Both character-mode and graphical newsreader clients are available for many platforms by commercial vendors and in the public domain.
File Transfer
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