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in the educational process. Teaching, education, vocational training is based on advanced methods,
the latest achievements of science and technology. The Law of Turkmenistan "On Education" adopted
in the planned form in 2021 has several features. First, until the 2020-2021 academic year,
professional education was defined by "steps". In accordance with the 2011 international standard of
the International Classification of Education Standards (ICES), with the adoption of the Law of
Turkmenistan "On Education" adopted in 2021 in a planned form, professional education is
distinguished by "levels". Second, the former "primary vocational education level" was designated as
"technical education level".
Thirdly, in accordance with the requirements of the "Concept of developing the digital
economy in Turkmenistan in 2019-2025" and "Concept of developing the digital education system",
a new Article 17 entitled "Implementation of educational programs through e-learning and distance
learning technologies" was included in the new Law. In the period of formation of the digital economy
of Turkmenistan, with the emergence of new forms of labor, radically new demands are placed on
the composition and education of the workforce. The planned reforms in the medium- and long-term
state programs of social and economic development of Turkmenistan, by activating the connection
between production, science and education, creating new areas of industrial-innovative development,
increasing the development of the information and communication technologies system in the
composition of the gross domestic product, and innovations with high added value. The formation of
new professions related to the production of sion products leads to the
need to introduce modern
engineering-technology and IT professions into the State classifications of vocational-technical,
secondary and higher vocational training courses and professions of Turkmenistan and to develop
relevant professional standards, for example, designer of neuro-interfaces, a cyber engineer of
intelligent environments, a nanotechnologist,
a signal sampling consultant, a designer of home or
medical robots, etc.
As shown by the world experience, one of the main strategic directions aligned to the
industrial and innovative development model is the agro-industrial complex.
New specializations in biotechnology include:
- biotechnologist - this specialist develops the composition of medicines and biologically
active supplements (BAG), introduces new equipment and technologies, improves existing
technologies.
The economy will see:
– trend-watcher. Such professionals will be modern strategic analysts who calculate possible
risks and threats, study political, economic and social trends and create a company's strategy based
on them;
- a crowdfunding expert. These people will develop projects that need money or resources to
implement them and put them on the crowdfunding platform. In the future,
they will monitor the
operation of these platforms, advise investors on financing such companies;
– financial engineer. A typical financier will develop programs using advanced technology
and equipment.
In order to assess the impact of technological factors of the 21st century on global and national
labor markets and the professional composition of employment, we first consider the nature of the
development process of technologies, including the characteristics of the modern technical structure,
as well as the evolution of future technological changes in the world economy and the economy of
the country. or revolutionary development is necessary. Digital technologists and economists alike
agree that automation will have a significant impact on the labor market over the next decade. It
should be noted that digitization has a positive impact on the labor market. For example, digital
technologies and platforms are creating new opportunities for employment. They help develop
additional skills and professional development (which is especially important for people who
previously did not have such opportunities due to life or geographic limitations), improve employee
productivity, improve employee participation in the economy through remote work,
and provide
access to quality education. helps provide New skills and high-paying jobs are emerging related to
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digitization. Pre-existing skills will change their appearance. That is, artificial intelligence will force
people to adapt to new work habits: they will have to interact with new algorithms and technologies.
The value of knowledge will increase, but only if it can be put into practice. Another important issue
of recent years has been the increase in informal employment, that is, the increase in the number of
non-on-the-job workers. For example, in 2020, there were nearly 53 million people working
informally and as a major source of wages in the United States alone. The rise of informal
employment has been largely facilitated by digital technologies and various online job boards and
specialized online platforms for temporary work (for example, Upwork and Amazon Mechanical
Turk). Currently, these digital platforms directly influence the hiring decisions of less than 1% of the
American workforce, but in the near future, they believe, the role of such job boards will increase
dramatically. Work on the introduction of components of the Bologna
process into the national
education system creates new additional opportunities for the modernization of higher professional
education, the exchange of students and teachers with universities of the countries of Europe and the
Commonwealth of Independent States that have recognized the Bologna process. More specifically,
assessments of student learning are clear. This creates the necessary conditions for the rise of the
national education system to the world level and the provision of the country's labor market with
highly qualified employees. Today, increasing attention to youth employment issues is important
because their positive solution allows the realization of labor potential in the country, as well as
provides economic development in the country. According to estimates given by the International
Labor
Organization, if the youth unemployment rate in the world is halved, the global GDP will
increase by 5-7%. These data not only show that the youth is a huge creative force in ensuring the
socio-economic development of the country, but also testify that the future direction of the country
depends on the solution of these problems at the present time. There are several features of the set of
activities for youth employment:
First of all, great importance is placed on coordinating the work of institutions that help young
people to adapt to the labor market, that is, systems related to education, family, employment, and
vocational training. Second, it is noteworthy that different groups of young people, such as industrial
workers, job seekers, graduates, high school seniors, and military service youth,
are covered by
specific activities in the plan. Thirdly, in order to assess the actual situation in the youth labor market,
it is necessary to collect data on its subjects, analyze them systematically, and predict future
development trends based on them. Fourthly, the importance of coordinating the activities of various
sectors to provide employment, vocational training and professional guidance to its various groups,
especially young citizens looking for work, is increasing. This task falls to the Pudagara group on
employment of young specialists in Turkmenistan, which was approved by the specific decision 319
issued by the President of Turkmenistan on August 18, 2017.
Thus, in the conditions of digitization of the economy, employers are faced with new
requirements, that is, looking for new ways to hire specialists with digital skills and to secure them
in their jobs. As a result of the digitization of the economy, such trends in the development of the
labor market are carefully studied by academic economists.
