“JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN
UZBEKISTAN” JURNALI
VOLUME 1, ISSUE 5, 2023. AUGUST
ResearchBib Impact Factor: 8.654/2023 ISSN 2992-8869
485
Abstract: Higher molecular compounds, also called polymers,
are large
molecules made up of repeating subunits called monomers. These compounds have
fascinated scientists for decades due to their unique properties and versatile
applications in various fields. Understanding the classification of high molecular
compounds is essential for understanding their behavior and developing new
materials with desired properties. This article focuses
on the study of various
classifications of high molecular compounds, including natural and synthetic
polymers, as well as amorphous and crystalline polymers. By exploring the world of
these complex compounds, we can unlock their potential for breakthroughs in fields
such as medicine, technology and materials science.
Keywords: polymer chemistry, amorphous
and crystalline compounds,
macromolecules, proteins, nucleic acids and synthetic materials,
Kirish: Makromolekulalar deb ham ataladigan yuqori molekulyar birikmalar
monomerlar deb ataladigan takrorlanuvchi birliklardan tashkil topgan yirik
molekulalardir. Ushbu birikmalar katta o‘lchamlari va murakkab tuzilishi tufayli
yuqori molekulyar og'irlikni namoyish etadi. Ular polimerlar,
oqsillar, nuklein
kislotalar va sintetik materiallar kabi turli xil materiallarda bo‘lishi mumkin. Yuqori
molekulyar birikmalar polimerlanish jarayoni orqali uzun zanjirlar yoki tarmoqlar
hosil qilish qobiliyati bilan tavsiflanadi. Bu fizik va kimyoviy xususiyatlarning keng
doirasiga olib keladi, bu ularni turli sanoat ilovalari va biologik jarayonlarda muhim
qiladi. Ko‘pgina yuqori molekulyar birikmalar suvda erimaydi,
lekin maxsus
erituvchilarda eritilishi mumkin.
Ushbu birikmalarning tasnifi ularning kimyoviy tarkibi, tuzilishi va
xususiyatlariga asoslanadi, bu olimlarga ularning
xatti-harakatlarini yanada
tushunish va kerakli xususiyatlarga ega yangi materiallarni ishlab chiqish imkonini
beradi. Yuqori molekulyar birikmalarni o‘rganish bu birikmalarning turli sohalarda
qo‘llanilishining keng doirasi tufayli katta ahamiyatga ega. Makromolekulalar deb
ham ataladigan bu birikmalar katta o‘lchamlari va murakkab tuzilmalari bilan ajralib
turadi. Tibbiyot sohasida oqsillar va nuklein kislotalar kabi yuqori molekulyar
birikmalarni o‘rganish kasalliklarni tushunish va samarali davolash usullarini ishlab
chiqishda hal qiluvchi rol o‘ynaydi. Bundan tashqari, yuqori molekulyar birikmalar
materialshunoslikda qo‘llaniladi, bu erda polimerlar ajoyib xususiyatlarga ega yangi
materiallarni yaratish uchun keng qo‘llaniladi. Ushbu birikmalarning sintezi,
tuzilishi va xossalarini tushunish yaxshilangan xususiyatlarga ega yangi
materiallarni, masalan, kuchlanish kuchini oshirish yoki
issiqlik barqarorligini
oshirish uchun zarurdir. Umuman olganda, yuqori molekulyar birikmalarni
