• TABLE 1 Summary of Dose-Response Terms Toxic Effects Category Exposure Time Route of Exposure Human
    		•

    Limitations of Dose-Response Terms




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    Bog'liq
    tox exposure guidelines (1)
    Stylistics of the English language, qualcomm-maxfiylik-siyosati-o-zbek, 1-A`maliy, BOYITISH SXEMALARINING TURLARI VA ULARNI TUZISH PRINSPLARI, biznes reja, 2.11-Информатика ўқит.мет-2020 (1), Toshkent moliya instituti baholash ishi va investitsiyalar kafed, 18 soat, 2 Анг 2Вгр Исомиддинова Г 4 вариант (2), Pedagogika instituti maktab menejmenti kafedrasi maktabgacha ta, 3.4-шакл-илмий ишлар руйхати(1) (2), 1701600919 (2), umidaniki, Aripova M , Sana Mavzu Munosabatlar va akslantirishlar; funksiya Darsning -fayllar.org
     
    Limitations of Dose-Response Terms. Several limitations must be recognized when using dose-
    response data. First, it is difficult to select a test species that will closely duplicate the human 
    response to a specific chemical. For example, human data indicates that arsenic is a carcinogen, 
    while animal studies do not demonstrate these results. Second, most lethal and toxic dose data 
    are derived from acute (single dose, short-term) exposures rather than chronic (continuous, long-
    term) exposures. A third shortcoming is that the LD
    50
    or LC
    50
    is a single value and does not 
    indicate the toxic effects that may occur at different dose levels. For example, in Graph 2 
    Chemical A is assumed to be more toxic than Chemical B based on LD
    50
    , but at lower doses the 
    situation is reversed. At LD
    20
    , Chemical B is more toxic than Chemical A.
    TABLE 1 
    Summary of Dose-Response Terms 
    Toxic Effects
     
    Category 
    Exposure Time Route of Exposure 
    Human
    Animal
    TD
    LO
    Acute or chronic All except inhalation Any nonlethal Reproductive, Tumorigenic 
    TC
    LO
    Acute or chronic Inhalation
    Any nonlethal Reproductive, Tumorigenic 
    LD
    LO
    Acute or chronic All except inhalation Death
    Death 
    LD
    50
    Acute
    All except inhalation 
    Not 
    applicable
    Death (statistically 
    determined) 
    LC
    LO
    Acute or chronic Inhalation
    Death
    Death 
    LC
    50
    Acute
    Inhalation
    Not 
    applicable
    Death (statistically 
    determined) 

    (Created 12/02) 
    UNL Environmental Health and Safety · (402) 472-4925 · http://ehs.unl.edu 

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