UNIT 4 CHALLENGES AND
INNOVATIONS
Career Responsibility
A responsibility is an essential norm of behaviour
without which modem society or state cannot be
imagined. A ll citizens should own responsibilities in
doing this or that issue. Protecting the environment,
nature is on the responsibility of everyone. Besides,
we have personal responsibilities before our fam ily
members. Parents have great obligations in front of
their children. In its turn, the children are responsible
for well-being of their parents when they are old. But
mostly people face essential responsibilities in their
careers. They can be divided into general and specific
ones. Fulfilling the set tasks completely, contributing
to development of the company, not being late for work,
obeying the company’s rules and norms of behavior
are general ones. Specific career responsibilities
belong to particular job as only firefighters quench fire;
other jobs do not take such responsibilities. We have
decided to find out different career responsibilities
and what professions should follow them strictly. To
have an exact vision of career responsibilities we have
asked several job occupants about them.
The first person who was interviewed works as a
nurse at the Medical center.
An interviewer: Rano, would you like to tell us
what specific job responsibilities you have got?
A nurse: Different. I am responsible for general
control of patients’ health conditions. Exactly
speaking, I have to make all injections in time.
Necessary medical tests’ results are filled in special
patient health forms by me.
An interviewer: Do you think that your
responsibilities are difficult to fu lfill?
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A nurse: Yeah, because in most cases nurses are
responsible for patients’ lives. We should always be
careful and attentive, in our job there is no any little
thing.
Now let’s have a short talk with an interpreter
(translator) about his career responsibilities.
An interviewer: Good morning, what specific
career responsibilities do you have, Akram?
An interpreter: My specific responsibilities of me
as a translator are the following: first of all, I should
completely focus on the speaker’s matters. I have no
right to add any idea of my own or omit the speaker’s.
The translations should not be confusing, puzzling,
and unclear; they must be interpreted exactly,
obviously, in correct order.
An interviewer: Do you think your job requires
strong responsibilities?
An interpreter: Sure, as our translations can resolve
a problem or on the contrary may give birth to another
trouble. History tells some tragic stories connected
with interpreters, when a man just translated the words
of an ambassador who had brought a message on war
declaration, the king got frustrated and ordered to
behead not the minister but a poor translator became
a victim of an appropriate translation. But anyway we
should translate what we are told.
Now let’s put some questions to a company guard
Javod about his career responsibilities.
An interviewer: What specific responsibilities do
you have? Are they difficult to follow?
A guard: Even if most people do not appreciate
my job supposing it to be not as essential as other
occupations, I suppose my career is one of the most
important 'ones, because we are responsible for every
object at the company, we check people who are
coming in and out here, besides we fill in some forms
as reports of a night duty.
Having listened to several people with different
jobs we have concluded that each career has got its
difficult responsibilities. But whatever people do
ihey should cope with problems and follow their
responsibilities with dedication.
Professional Development
Interviewer: Good morning, dear listeners, I
would like to remind you today’s topic, “Professional
development”, therefore we have invited a well-known
^ecialist, associate professor Makhmud Tursunovich
‘fcrsunov. Welcome to the studio.
Mr. Tursunov: Good morning!
Interviewer: As we know, professional development
is one of the vital issues in all spheres. W ill you explain
to us what is professional development?
Mr. Tursunov: Well, Professional development
opportunities refer to the acquisition of skills and
knowledge both for personal development and career
advancement. It presents great changes, broaden
skills, improving self-knowledge, views, interests,
building or renewing, identity/self-esteem, developing
s trengths or talents, improving self-awareness.
Therefore Professional Development is a means
of supporting people in the workplace, to understand
more about the atmosphere in which they work, the
job they do and how to do it better. It can be a step
on the ladder to higher qualifications or enhanced
job prospects or be required by professional bodies to
maintain professional status. It can be a part of meeting
targets set by workforce performance management
schemes or an opportunity for individuals to change
their job paths. In one word we can say it is an ongoing
process throughout our working lives.
Interviewer: My second question concerns
the requirements of the professional development.
W ill you tell us why everyone needs professional
development?
Mr. Tursunov: We live in the X X I century. The
world is changing rapidly. We can see these changes
in legislative, social and economic developments
directly. It affects the situation in which we live
and work. At the same time technological advances
provide different ways of working. So every young
person should have to understand and recognize it.
Interviewer: Our listeners are young, future
professionally developed people therefore I would
like you to tell them the main phases of Professional
Development.
Mr. Tursunov: W ell, according the research
there are six phases of professional development.
The first one is building a knowledge base. Without
this phase one can’t be professional. It requires new
knowledge and information. This phase includes goal
setting, assessing needs, participating in interactive
workshops, and forming a study group. The second
phase is observing models and examples. The aim of
this phase is to study instructional examples in order
to develop a practical understanding of the research.
Here, students might participate in activities such as
school and classroom visitations, peer observation,
Lesson 14
using instructional artifacts, со-planning, and listening
to or watching audio and video examples. The third
phase is reflecting your practice. The purpose of this
phase is to analyze your instructional practice on the
basis of new knowledge. Activities in this phase might
include the use of journals or teacher-authored cases
for collegial discussion and reflection. The fourth
phase is changing your practice. The purpose of this
phase is to render your new knowledge into individual
and collaborative plans and actions for curricular
and instructional change. Activities might include
action research, peer-coaching, support groups, and
curriculum development. The fifth phase is gaining
and sharing expertise. The purpose of this phase is
to continue to refine your instructional practice,
learning with and from colleagues while also sharing
your practical wisdom with your peers. Activities in
this phase might include team planning, mentoring
or partnering with a colleague, and participating in
a network. The last phase is lifelong learning. At the
heart of professional development is the individual’s
interest in lifelong learning and increasing their own
skills and knowledge.
Interviewer: Oh, I am sure our views have got
precious information about professional development.
Being professional specialist what would you like to
advice to young specialists?
Mr. Tursunov: My advices to young specialists
go further, never stop on your goals. As they “ Search
knowledge from the cradle to the grave”. Remember
life -long learning, in one day you w ill see fruitful
results of your hard working.
Interviewer: Thank you very much for having a
very vital and interesting talk with us.
Mr. Tursunov: My pleasure.
Latest Achivements
What if a computer hadn’t been invented?
One may say: “Things are the way they are,
and unlikely would be the other way” However, the
matter we would like to concern is not philosophy.
The speculation is on how would it have turned out
without an issue, the usability and access of which we
take for granted.
Originally, the idea stems from the development of
space program. Craving for space exploration brought
humanity to many inventions that are now, not a bit
associated with space. Our devices, like laptops and
iPod, are predated by the workable computer unit that
used to be the size of a big hall.
Our grandparents were taught how to operate an
abacus, not calculators that seems inconceivable at
the time being. Furthermore, many adults don’t know
how to operate a computer in a competent manner.
So where would the world be if there were no
computers? It probably be less busy place. Offices
would have had different furniture, more shelves, less
tables, piles of files and papers all around. Cinemas
and theatres would become more popular; streets
would be noisier as poor clerks would have operated
as distributors as well. Less convenient living and
working places and vehicle, nonstop ringtones and
time-consuming registration processes. Less women
would have worked at the offices because of tougher
housekeeping conditions. Lower production rate at
the factories would have caused higher prices. There
wouldn’t be any mobile phones to say nothing of
internet or computer games. Lacking leisure activities
would lead to the increase of crime rate.
Obviously, present-day generation would concern
these as something incredible, but the fact is that
previous generation used to experience that life.
If to ask they may describe a fairy like story of
own childhood, when juniors used to believe that
computer was the unnatural implement of an evil
named Fantomas. The only thing that would slightly
resemble computer at that time was a typewriter.
A ll the documents and files were organised using it,
when, a single punctuation mistake caused retyping
the whole document.
A ll the same, computes are the result of human
mind and if once it has brought to existence no doubt
that further achievements in science and technology
w ill bring immense inventions.
We are seldom bothered about how achievements
in science contribute our lifestyle and what it would
have happened if they hadn’t been there. Major
breakthroughs in science ultimately foster global
development and enhance the routine of individuals.
World Awards
Telephone Interview with Alice Munro (4 minutes)
Alice Munro - Interview
«This May Change my Mind ...»
Telephone interview with Alice Munro following
the announcement of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature
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on 10 October 2013. The interviewer is Nobelprize.
org’s Adam Smith.
[Adam Smith] Hello, Adam Smith.
[Alice Munro] Hello Adam!
[AS] Hello, this is A lice Munro?
[AM ] Yes, this is A lice Munro. I just wanted to
thank you, very much. This is quite a wonderful thing
for me. It’s a wonderful thing for the short story.
[A S] It is indeed, and may we congratulate you in
turn. It’s a wonderful day.
[A M ] Thank you very, very much.
[AS] How did you hear the news?
[A M ] Um, let me see, I was wandering around this
morning, early. How did I hear it first? [Said to her
daughter, Jenny, in the room with h er]... Oh, the press
called me.
[AS] And what was your first reaction? Do you
remember?
[A M ] Unbelief. [Laughs] I really couldn’t believe
it, I was so happy, and I haven’t gotten over the delight
yet.
[AS] You’ve produced an enormous body of work
over four decades...
[AM ] W ell I have, yes. But, you know, because I
work generally in the short story form, this is a special
thing I think to get this recognition.
[AS] Yes indeed, yes indeed. Have you been
basically the same sort of writer from the beginning
to the end? Have you changed, do you think?
[AM ] W ell you know as far as I can tell, I have not
changed very much. But someone else could answer
that question better I think.
[A S ]' And the award w ill bring a great new
readership to your w ork...
[A M ] W ell I would hope so, and I hope this
would happen not just for me but for the short story
in general. Because it’s often sort of brushed off, 113
you know, as something that people do before they
write their first novel. And I would like it to come to
the fore, without any strings attached, so that there
doesn’t have to be a novel.
[A S] And for those who don’t know your work,
would you recommend a starting point?
[AM ] Oh goodness! I don’t know, I can’t ... You
always think that your latest work is your best, at least
I do. So I would want them to start with the latest
book.
[A S] So they should start with Dear Life should
they?
[A M ] W ell, in a way, yes, but then I hope they
would go back and read the others as well.
[A S] And of course everybody is talking about the
fact that you announced earlier this year that you were
going to stop writing, and saying “ Maybe this w ill
encourage her to start again”.
[A M ] [Laughs] W ell you know I ’ve been doing it
for so many years. I ’ve been writing and publishing, I
think, since I was about twenty - just now and then I
would get something published you know - but that’s
a long time to be working and I thought maybe it’s
time to take it easy. But this may change my mind.
[Laughter]
[A S] That’s an exciting statement! That’s going to
have everybody buzzing.
[Both laugh]
[A S] How splendid! So, I know that you must be
tired after speaking to so many people so we would
like very much to talk to you perhaps on another
occasion...
[A M ] That would be great, actually, because I am
a little bit tired and woozy now and God knows what
I might say!
[A S] [Laughs] OK, well we’ll wait until this quiet
down a bit, and then ...
[A M ] OK.
[A S] It has been a great pleasure to speak to you,
thank you so very much indeed.
[A M ] Thank you, goodbye.
[A S] Bye, bye.
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