Rektifikatsiya jarayonlarining

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Bog'liq
kurs ishim

qaynatkich; 2 - kolonna; 3 - deflegmator; 4 - sovutkich; 5 – yig`gich.

Rektifikatsion kolonnalarni hisoblash

Misol tariqasida etil spirti-suv aralashmasini ajratish uchun
uzluksiz ishlaydigan rektifikatsion kolonnani (tarelkali) hisoblashni ko`rib chiqamiz. Etil spirti-suv aralashmasining massaviy sarfi G=800
^k^g^/^s^o^a^t^e^tⁱ^l^s^pⁱ^r^tⁱⁿⁱⁿ^g^b^o^s^h^l^aⁿ^g^‘ⁱ^c^h^e^rⁱ^t^m^a^d^a^gⁱ^k^oⁿ^t^s^eⁿ^t^r^a^t^sⁱ^y^a^sⁱ^af ⁼²⁰^%⁽^m^a^s^s⁾^;^e^tⁱ^l^s^pⁱ^r^tⁿⁱⁿ^g^dⁱ^t^sⁱ^l^l^y^a^t^d^a^gⁱ^k^oⁿ^t^s^eⁿ^t^r^a^t^sⁱ^y^a^sⁱ^ad ⁼⁹¹^%⁽^m^a^s^s⁾^;^e^tⁱ^l^s^pⁱ^r^tⁱⁿⁱⁿ^g^k^u^b^qo^l^dⁱ^g^‘ⁱ^d^a^gⁱ^k^oⁿ^t^s^eⁿ^t^r^a^t^sⁱ^y^a^sⁱ^aw ⁼²^,⁶^%^{(mass); flegmaning ortiqchalik koeffitsienti}^R ^{= 1,3;}^^=0,5^{; tarelkalar}^o^r^a^sⁱ^d^a^gⁱ^m^a^s^o^f^a^h⁼²⁰⁰^m^m^;ⁱ^sⁱ^t^u^v^c^hⁱ^b^u^g^‘^b^o^sⁱ^mⁱ^pb ⁼⁰^,³^M^P^a^;^r^e^ktⁱ^fⁱ^k^a^t^sⁱ^y^a^j^a^r^a^y^oⁿⁱ^a^t^mo^s^f^e^r^a^b^o^sⁱ^mⁱ^d^a^t^a^s^h^kⁱ^l^e^tⁱ^l^g^aⁿ^.^Dⁱ^t^sⁱ^ll^y^a^t^Gd^,^k^u^b^q^o^l^dⁱ^g^‘ⁱ^Gw ^v^a^t^a^r^e^l^k^a^l^a^r^mⁱ^q^d^o^rⁱⁿ^,^h^a^m^d^a^k^o^l^oⁿⁿ^a^b^a^l^aⁿ^d^li^gⁱ^N^,^dⁱ^a^me^t^rⁱ^Dk^v^aⁱ^sⁱ^t^u^v^c^hⁱ^b^u^g^‘^s^a^rfⁱ^D^l^a^rⁿⁱ^aⁿⁱ^q^l^a^s^h^z^a^r^u^r^.
Moddiy balans (5.125) formuladan hosil bo`layotgan ditsillyat miqdorini aniqlaymiz:

a  a_w

20  2, 6

d f
G = G
= 800 =

157 , 4
кг /
соат



a

a
d w ⁹¹
– 2, 6

formuladan esa kub qoldig‘ining miqdori topiladi:

w
G = G _f
– G_d
= 800
– 157 , 4
= 642 , 4
кг /
соат

Rektifikatsiya jarayonini u-x koordinatlarida qurish uchun boshlang‘ich aralashma, ditsillyat va kub qoldiqlari tarkibidagi engil uchuvchan komponent kontsentratsiyasini quyidagi formulalar yordamida mol ulushlarda ifodalash mumkin:

^xf, d, w ⁼

^af, d, w

^af, d, w

M _a
100 
+

^af, d, w

M _aM _B

^b^u^e^r^d^a^Ma ^v^a^Mv^-^eⁿ^gⁱ^l^s^pⁱ^r^t^v^a^qⁱ^yⁱⁿ^s^u^v^u^c^hu^v^c^h^aⁿkomponentlarning molekulyar massalari:

=
20 / 46
x
₌0, 434
= 0, 089 ;

f
20 / 46 + (100
– 20 )18

0, 434 + 0, 44

=
91 / 46
x
₌1, 978

= 0, 798

d
91 / 46 + (100  91 ) /18

1, 978 + 0, 5

=
2, 6 / 46
x
₌0, 056
= 0, 01

^w 2, 6 / 46 + (100  2, 6 ) /18

0, 056 + 5, 41

Tajriba malumotlari asosida u - x kordinatlarida boshlang‘ich aralashma uchun muvozanat chizig‘ini qo`ramiz.
(5.137) formula yordamida minimal flegma sonini aniqlaymiz:

x  y

R =
d fm
₌0, 798  0, 44
= 1, 25

y_fm x
min

f
0, 44  0, 089

^b^u^e^r^d^a^yfm ^-^b^o^s^h^l^aⁿ^g^‘ⁱ^c^h^a^r^a^l^a^s^h^m^a^t^a^r^kⁱ^bⁱ^d^a^gⁱ^eⁿ^gⁱ^l^u^c^hu^v^c^h^aⁿkomponent bilan muvozanatda bo`lgan bug‘dagi engil uchuvchan komponent kontsentratsiyasi.
Kolonna yuqori qismi uchun ishchi chizig‘ini qurish uchun (5.138) formuladan haqiqiy flegma sonini hisoblaymiz:

R = R
= 1, 3 1, 25
= 1, 629

R min

Kesma Vning uzunligini topamiz (5.46-rasm):

B = ^x^dR + 1
₌0, 798
0, 629
= 0, 3

^S^o^`ⁿ^g^,^o^r^dⁱⁿ^a^t^a^o^`^qⁱ^d^a^V⁼⁰^,³^k^e^s^m^aⁿⁱ^o^`^l^c^h^a^b^,^uⁿⁱ^Aⁿ^u^q^t^a⁽^xd⁼^ud koordinatli) bilan birlashtiramiz va kolonnaning yuqori qismi uchun ^ishchi^chiziq^olamiz.^Patski^qism^uchun^ishchi^chiziq^esa,^V^nuqtani⁽^xf^,^uf ^-^k^o^r^dⁱⁿ^a^t^li⁾^Sⁿ^u^q^t^a⁽^xw⁼^yw^k^oo^r^dⁱⁿ^a^t^lⁱ⁾^b^il^aⁿ^bⁱ^r^l^a^s^h^tⁱ^rⁱ^b^aⁿⁱ^q^l^aⁿ^a^dⁱ^.
Kolonna patski va yuqori qismlaridagi kontsentratsiya o`zgarishi pog‘onalarining soni (n) ni aniqlaymiz. Buning uchun muvozanat va ishchi chiziqlari orasiga A nuqtadan S gacha pog‘onali chiziqlar o`tkazamiz. Tarelka soni (5.66) formula yordamida topiladi, yani:

n
n = = ¹⁶

= 32

x
 0, 5

Kolonnaning haqiqiy balandligi esa

x
H = h  (u
– 1) =
0,2  31
= 6,2 м

bu erda h – tarelkalar orasidagi masofa, m. Qurilma diametri ushbu formuladan hisoblanadi:

К
D =
^b^u^e^r^d^a^V^-^k^o^l^oⁿⁿ^a^d^a^gⁱ^b^u^g^‘^s^a^rfⁱ^;^wu^-^b^u^g^‘ⁿⁱⁿ^gⁱ^s^h^c^hⁱ^t^e^z^lⁱ^gⁱ^.

d
G (R + 1)  (273

+ t

yp
V =
)  22 ,4 ₌

3600  M
₌157 ,4  2,629  360
· 273

a
· 22 ,4

= 0,0738

м³ / с

3600  46
· 273

^bu^erda^typ⁼^87°S^-^kolonnadagi^{bug‘larning}^o`rtacha^{temperaturasi.}Kolonnadagi bug‘ning tezligi quyidagicha aniqlanadi:

^wпр
= 0, 05

^b^u^e^r^d^a^ts^,^b ^-^s^u^y^u^q^li^k^v^a^b^u^g^‘ⁿⁱⁿ^g^o^`^r^t^a^c^h^a^zⁱ^c^h^li^k^l^a^rⁱ^.Bug‘ning o`rtacha zichligi:





+



=

б
бw бd

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