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“JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN
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“JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN
UZBEKISTAN” JURNALI
VOLUME 1, ISSUE 7, 2023. OCTOBER
ResearchBib Impact Factor: 8.654/2023 ISSN 2992-8869
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when set beside the largely unregulated pressures of economic and cultural
globalisation; resource depletion, especially that of energy resources, on a scale and
in a manner that both unsustainable and profoundly inequitable; the degradation of
natural environments as a result of economic activities, including the oceans, forests
and soils; the physical, social and psycho-cultural consequences of unprecedented
and still accelerating development of megacities; and cultural collisions within and
across national borders generated by globalisation and claims to the primacy or
universal superiority of one version of reason and ethics.
Global problems are highly interdependent, often in non-linear ways. Their
character and interdependence is such that they can only be solved jointly and
simultaneously. These include climate change and energy insecurity, infectious
diseases and the cultural dislocations of uneven, unequal and structurally
contradictory processes of globalisation, apparently rapidly escalating nuclear
proliferation, the destruction of habitat and biodiversity and the rapid deepening of
chemical pollution, illegal drugs, increasing and deepening poverty across particular
regions, and the failings of our global institutions of governance and finance, just to
take a subset of the whole. Clearly they are interactive, most likely in ways we have
hardly begun to think about.
The salient key characteristics are inherently transnational in both their causes
and their consequences; that they are set to interact in ways we may well not
anticipate – such as climate change and infectious disease; and that they are already
giving rise to perceptible new forms of threat to both societies.
In our view, global problems exhibit characteristics which make them global rather
than national or local in nature. Global problems may exhibit linkage between cause
and effect across societal levels from global to local. Global problems also reveal a
disjuncture between cause and effect when the driving forces are highly centralized
and concentrated both institutionally and spatially (and therefore are exogenous to
most of humanity who nonetheless experience the effects of this change). Other
global problems are the result of highly distributed and decentralized driving forces
so diffuse yet cumulatively powerful that the resulting overall impact is qualitative
even though it passes unnoticed except at the local level.
Often, global problems are multi-dimensional, and drive pervasive change
driven by interrelationships across superficially segmented problems or disparate
issues or levels of governance. Global problems may be the result of multi-
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